M'magalimoto okhala ndi ma hydraulic braking system, masilinda akulu ndi ma wheel brake amatenga gawo lalikulu.Werengani za chomwe silinda ya brake, ndi mitundu yanji ya masilindala omwe alipo, momwe amapangidwira ndikugwira ntchito, komanso kusankha kolondola, kukonza ndi kukonza magawowa m'nkhaniyi.
Silinda ya Brake - ntchito, mitundu, mawonekedwe
Silinda ya Brake ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lowongolera ndi ma actuators a ma brake system agalimoto zoyendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulically.Pali zida ziwiri zomwe zimasiyana pamapangidwe ndi cholinga:
• Brake master silinda (GTZ);
• Masilinda a mabuleki (ogwira ntchito).
GTZ ndi gawo lolamulira la dongosolo lonse la brake, ma cylinders ndi ma actuators omwe amayendetsa mabuleki.
GTZ imathetsa mavuto angapo:
• Kutembenuka kwa mphamvu yamakina kuchokera ku brake pedal kupita ku mphamvu yamadzimadzi yogwira ntchito, yomwe imakhala yokwanira kuyendetsa ma actuators;
• Kuonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi ogwira ntchito m'dongosolo;
• Kusunga magwiridwe antchito a mabuleki ngati kutayika kwamphamvu, kutayikira komanso nthawi zina;
• Kuwongolera kuyendetsa (ndi ma brake booster).
Masilinda a akapolo ali ndi ntchito imodzi yofunika kwambiri - kuyendetsa mabuleki akumagudumu poyendetsa galimoto.Komanso, zigawozi zimapereka kubwerera pang'ono kwa GTZ kumalo ake oyambirira pamene galimoto imatulutsidwa.
Chiwerengero ndi malo a masilindala zimadalira mtundu wa galimoto ndi chiwerengero cha ma axles.Silinda ya brake master ndi imodzi, koma magawo angapo.Chiwerengero cha masilindala ogwira ntchito chingakhale chofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mawilo, kawiri kapena katatu kuposa (poyika ma silinda awiri kapena atatu pa gudumu).
Kulumikiza mabuleki gudumu kuti GTZ zimadalira mtundu wa galimoto.
M'magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo:
• Dera loyamba - mawilo akutsogolo;
• Dera lachiwiri ndi mawilo akumbuyo.
Chithunzi chojambula cha brake system yagalimoto
Kugwirizana kophatikizana n'kotheka: ngati pali ma cylinders awiri ogwira ntchito pa gudumu lakutsogolo lililonse, imodzi mwa izo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi dera loyamba, lachiwiri mpaka lachiwiri, limagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mabuleki akumbuyo.
Magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo:
• Dera loyamba - mawilo akumanja kutsogolo ndi kumanzere;
• Gawo lachiwiri - mawilo akumanzere akumanzere ndi kumanja akumbuyo.
Kukonzekera kwina kwa mabuleki kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma njira zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizofala kwambiri.
Mapangidwe ndi mfundo za ntchito ya silinda ya brake master
Masilinda a Master brake amagawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mabwalo (magawo):
• Dera limodzi;
• Kuzungulira kawiri.
Masilinda amtundu umodzi sagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, amapezeka pamagalimoto akale.Magalimoto ambiri amakono ali ndi GTZ-ozungulira - kwenikweni, ndi ma silinda awiri mu thupi limodzi, omwe amagwira ntchito pamabwalo odziyimira pawokha.Dongosolo la mabuleki amtundu wapawiri ndilothandiza kwambiri, lodalirika komanso lotetezeka.
Komanso, masilindala ambuye amagawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi kukhalapo kwa brake booster:
• Popanda amplifier;
• Ndi vacuum brake booster.
Magalimoto amakono ali ndi GTZ yokhala ndi cholumikizira chophatikizira cha vacuum, chomwe chimathandizira kuwongolera ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo lonse.
Mapangidwe a chowonjezera chachikulu cha brake ndi chosavuta.Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi thupi lopangidwa ndi cylindrical, momwe ma pistoni awiri amaikidwa chimodzi pambuyo pa chimzake - amapanga magawo ogwira ntchito.Pistoni yakutsogolo imalumikizidwa ndi ndodo ku brake booster kapena mwachindunji ku brake pedal, pisitoni yakumbuyo ilibe kulumikizana kolimba ndi kutsogolo, pakati pawo pali ndodo yayifupi ndi kasupe.Kumtunda kwa silinda, pamwamba pa gawo lililonse, pali njira zodutsa ndi zolipirira, ndipo mapaipi amodzi kapena awiri amatuluka m'gawo lililonse kuti agwirizane ndi mabwalo ogwira ntchito.Chosungira cha brake fluid chimayikidwa pa silinda, chimalumikizidwa ndi magawo pogwiritsa ntchito bypass ndi njira zolipirira.
GTZ imagwira ntchito motere.Mukakanikiza chopondapo, pisitoni yakutsogolo imasuntha, imatsekereza njira yamalipiro, chifukwa chake dera limatsekedwa ndipo kupanikizika kwamadzimadzi kumawonjezeka.Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kumapangitsa pisitoni yakumbuyo kusuntha, imatsekanso njira yolipirira ndikukakamiza madzi ogwirira ntchito.Pamene ma pistoni akuyenda, njira zodutsa mu silinda nthawi zonse zimakhala zotseguka, kotero kuti madzi ogwirira ntchito amadzaza momasuka mapanga omwe amapangidwa kuseri kwa pistoni.Chotsatira chake, kupanikizika m'madera onse a dongosolo la brake kumawonjezeka, chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa uku, ma cylinders a magudumu amayamba, kukankhira mapepala - galimotoyo imachepa.
Pamene mwendo wa pedal umachotsedwa, ma pistoni amatha kubwerera kumalo awo oyambirira (izi zimaperekedwa ndi akasupe), ndipo akasupe obwerera a mapepala omwe amapondereza ma cylinders ogwira ntchito amathandizanso pa izi.Komabe, madzimadzi ogwira ntchito amalowa m'mabowo kuseri kwa pistoni mu GTZ kupyolera muzitsulo zodutsa sikulola kuti ma pistoni abwererenso kumalo awo oyambirira - chifukwa cha izi, kumasulidwa kwa mabuleki kumakhala kosalala, ndipo dongosolo limagwira ntchito modalirika.Pobwerera kumalo oyambira, ma pistoni amatsegula njira yolipirira, chifukwa chake kuthamanga kwa mabwalo ogwirira ntchito kumafananizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga.Pamene ananyema pedal amamasulidwa, madzimadzi ntchito mosungiramo momasuka amalowa mabwalo, amene amalipiritsa kuchepa kwa madzimadzi chifukwa kutayikira kapena pazifukwa zina.
Mapangidwe a silinda ya brake master amaonetsetsa kuti makinawo azitha kugwira ntchito ngati kutayikira kwamadzimadzi mu umodzi mwamabwalo.Ngati kutayikira kumachitika m'dera loyamba, ndiye kuti pisitoni yachigawo chachiwiri imayendetsedwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku pisitoni ya dera loyambira - ndodo yapadera imaperekedwa kwa izi.Ngati kutayikira kumachitika mu gawo lachiwiri, ndiye mukanikikiza chopondapo chopondapo, pisitoni iyi imakhala kumapeto kwa silinda ndipo imapereka kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwamadzi muchigawo choyambirira.Muzochitika zonsezi, kuyenda kwa pedal kumawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu ya braking imachepa pang'ono, choncho vuto liyenera kuthetsedwa mwamsanga.
The vacuum brake booster ilinso ndi mapangidwe osavuta.Zimachokera ku thupi losindikizidwa la cylindrical, logawidwa ndi nembanemba mu zipinda ziwiri - vacuum yakumbuyo ndi kutsogolo kwamlengalenga.Chipinda cha vacuum chimalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa injini, chifukwa chake kupanikizika kumapangidwira mmenemo.Chipinda cha mumlengalenga chimalumikizidwa ndi njira yopita ku vacuum, ndipo chimalumikizidwanso ndi mlengalenga.Zipindazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi valavu yomwe imayikidwa pa diaphragm, ndodo imadutsa pa amplifier yonse, yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi brake pedal kumbali imodzi, ndikukhazikika pa silinda ya brake pa ina.
Mfundo ya ntchito ya amplifier ndi motere.Pamene pedal sichikanikizidwa, zipinda zonse ziwiri zimayankhulana kudzera mu valve, kupanikizika kochepa kumawoneka mwa iwo, msonkhano wonse sugwira ntchito.Pamene mphamvu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa pedal, valavu imadula zipindazo ndipo nthawi yomweyo imagwirizanitsa chipinda chakutsogolo ndi mlengalenga - chifukwa chake, kupanikizika komweku kumawonjezeka.Chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa zipinda, diaphragm imakonda kusunthira kuchipinda chopanda vacuum - izi zimapanga mphamvu yowonjezera pa tsinde.Mwanjira imeneyi, vacuum booster imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwongolera mabuleki pochepetsa kukana kwa pedal mukamakanikizira.
Mapangidwe ndi mfundo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma silinda a ma wheel brake
Masilinda akapolo a Brake amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
• Kwa mabuleki a ng'oma;
• Pakuti chimbale gudumu mabuleki.
Ma cylinders a akapolo mu mabuleki a ng'oma ndi magawo odziyimira pawokha omwe amayikidwa pakati pa ma pads ndikuwonetsetsa kufalikira kwawo panthawi ya braking.Ma cylinders ogwira ntchito a mabuleki a disc amaphatikizidwa mu ma brake calipers, amapereka kukakamiza kwa ma pads ku diski panthawi ya braking.Mwamapangidwe, zigawozi zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu.
Gudumu brake mabuleki mu nkhani yosavuta ndi chubu (woponyedwa thupi) ndi pistoni anaikapo kuchokera malekezero, pakati pake pali patsekeke kwa madzimadzi ntchito.Kunja, ma pistoni ali ndi malo oponderezedwa kuti agwirizane ndi mapepala, kuti ateteze ku kuipitsidwa, ma pistoni amatsekedwa ndi zipewa zotanuka.Komanso kunja ndi koyenera kulumikiza ku ma brake system.
Silinda ya brake ya mabuleki a disc ndi cylindrical cavity mu caliper momwe pisitoni imayikidwa kudzera mu O-ring.Kumbali yakumbuyo ya pisitoni pali njira yokhala ndi koyenera kulumikizana ndi dera la brake system.Caliper imatha kukhala ndi silinda imodzi mpaka itatu ya ma diameter osiyanasiyana.
Ma wheel brake silinda amagwira ntchito mophweka.Pamene braking, kuthamanga kwa dera kumawonjezeka, madzimadzi ogwira ntchito amalowa muzitsulo zachitsulo ndikukankhira pisitoni.Ma pistoni a drum brake cylinder amakankhidwira mbali zosiyana, aliyense amayendetsa pad yake.Ma pistoni a caliper amatuluka m'miyendo yawo ndikusindikiza (mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika, kudzera mu makina apadera) pad kupita ku ng'oma.Pamene braking imayima, kuthamanga kwa dera kumachepa ndipo panthawi ina mphamvu ya akasupe obwerera imakhala yokwanira kubwezera ma pistoni kumalo awo oyambirira - galimotoyo imatulutsidwa.
Kusankha, kusintha ndi kukonza ma silinda a brake
Posankha magawo omwe akufunsidwa, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a wopanga magalimoto.Mukayika masilindala amtundu wina kapena mtundu wina, mabuleki amatha kuwonongeka, zomwe sizovomerezeka.
Panthawi yogwira ntchito, ma cylinders ambuye ndi akapolo safunikira chisamaliro chapadera ndikutumikira popanda mavuto kwa zaka zambiri.Ngati kugwira ntchito kwa mabuleki kapena dongosolo lonse likuwonongeka, ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire masilindala ndipo, ngati asokonekera, ingolowetsani m'malo mwake.Komanso, nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuyang'ana mlingo wa brake fluid mu posungira ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, kubwezeretsanso.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-21-2023