Magalimoto ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zolemera zimagwiritsa ntchito ma braking system, omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ma brake valve.Werengani zonse za mavavu a brake, mitundu yawo, mapangidwe ndi ntchito, komanso kusankha kolondola ndikusintha kwa gawo ili m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi valavu ya brake ndi chiyani?
Valavu ya Brake - chinthu chowongolera ma brake system yamagalimoto okhala ndi pneumatic drive;valavu ya pneumatic yoyendetsedwa ndi brake pedal, yomwe imapereka mpweya woponderezedwa kwa ma actuators (zipinda za brake) ndi mbali zina za dongosolo panthawi ya braking.
Pamagalimoto ndi magalimoto ena amawilo, ma braking oyendetsedwa ndi pneumatic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, omwe ndi apamwamba kwambiri pakuchita bwino komanso kudalirika kwa ma hydraulic system.Kuwongolera kwa mayunitsi a dongosololi kumachitika ndi zida zapadera - ma valve ndi ma valve.Imodzi mwamaudindo ofunikira mu dongosolo la pneumatic imaseweredwa ndi valavu ya brake, yomwe mabuleki amagudumu amawongolera.
Valve ya brake imagwira ntchito zingapo:
● Kuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya woponderezedwa ukupita ku zipinda zamabuleki pakafunika kuchita mabuleki;
● Kupereka "brake pedal feeling" (mgwirizano wofanana pakati pa mlingo wa braking wa galimoto ndi mphamvu pa pedal, zomwe zimalola dalaivala kuti adziwe bwino ndondomeko ya braking ndikusintha ndondomekoyi);
● Ma valve a magawo awiri - kuonetsetsa kuti dera limodzi likuyenda bwino ngati mpweya ukutuluka mumzake.
Ndi chithandizo cha valavu ya brake kuti dongosolo la brake limayang'aniridwa mumayendedwe onse oyendetsa, kotero chipangizo ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yachibadwa ya galimoto.Crane yolakwika iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa, ndipo chifukwa cha kusankha kwake koyenera ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo, mapangidwe ndi mfundo zakugwiritsa ntchito zidazi.
Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mfundo ya ntchito ya valavu ananyema
Ma valve a brake omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo owongolera:
- Gawo limodzi;
- Zigawo ziwiri.
Valve ya brake yokhala ndi pedal
Makalani agawo limodzi amaikidwa pamagalimoto omwe sakhala ndi ma trailer okhala ndi ma air brakes.Ndiko kuti, crane izi amapereka ulamuliro yekha dongosolo braking galimoto.Ma cranes a magawo awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ma trailer / ma semi-trailer okhala ndi air brake system.Crane yotereyi imathandizira mabuleki a thirakitala ndi ngolo kuchokera pa pedal imodzi.
Komanso, ma cranes a magawo awiri amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri kutengera malo ndi njira yoyendetsera magawo:
● Ndi chiwongolero cha chigawo chilichonse - galimotoyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe ziwiri zokhotakhota zomwe zimakhala ndi galimoto imodzi yokhala ndi phokoso lochokera ku brake pedal, mu chipangizo ichi zigawozo ndizodzilamulira (zosagwirizana);
● Ndi ndodo yodziwika kwa zigawo ziwiri - kuyendetsa kwa zigawo zonse ziwiri kumayendetsedwa ndi ndodo imodzi, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi brake pedal, mu chipangizo ichi gawo limodzi lingathe kulamulira ntchito yachiwiri.
Mapangidwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito za ma valve onse ndizofanana, ndipo kusiyana kuli mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa.
Gawo la crane lili ndi zigawo zingapo zazikulu: chowongolera, chipangizo cholondolera, mavavu olowera ndi otulutsa.Zigawo zonse zimayikidwa muzochitika zofanana, zogawidwa mu magawo awiri: mu gawo limodzi, kulankhulana ndi mlengalenga, pali galimoto ndi chipangizo chotsatira;Mu gawo lachiwiri, lolumikizidwa ndi zolumikizira kwa wolandila (olandila) ndi mzere wachipinda cha brake, ma valve olowa ndi otulutsa amaikidwa pa ndodo yomweyo.Ziwalo za thupi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zotanuka (rabara kapena rubberized) diaphragm, yomwe ili mbali ya chipangizo chotsatira.The actuator ndi kachitidwe ka levers kapena kankhira lever yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi ma brake pedal ndi ndodo.
Chipangizo chotsatira chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi valavu yoyendetsa ndi chopondapo, chimakhala ndi ndodo ndi kasupe (kapena pisitoni ya kasinthidwe kena), mapeto a ndodo ali pamwamba pa mpando wosunthika wa valve yotulutsa mpweya - a chubu chomwe chimayikidwa mugalasi, chomwe, chimakhalanso ndi diaphragm.Pali dzenje mu galasi lomwe limapereka kulankhulana pakati pa theka lachiwiri la thupi ndi mlengalenga.Ma valve olowetsa ndi kutuluka amapangidwa ngati ma cones a mphira kapena mphete zopumira pamipando yawo.
Valve ya brake imagwira ntchito mophweka.Pamene pedal imatulutsidwa, ma valve amakonzedwa m'njira yoti mzere wolandila utsekedwe, ndipo mzere wa chipinda cha brake umalankhulana ndi mlengalenga - pamalo awa dongosolo la brake silikugwira ntchito.Pamene chopondapo chikanikizidwa, chipangizo chotsatira chimatsimikizira kuti valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatseka ndipo valavu yolowera imatsegulidwa nthawi yomweyo, pamene valavu yokhala ndi ma valve imachotsedwa mumlengalenga.Pamalo awa, mpweya woponderezedwa kuchokera kwa olandila umayenda kudzera mu mavavu kupita ku zipinda za brake - braking imachitika.Ngati dalaivala ayimitsa pedal pamalo aliwonse, kupanikizika kwa thupi la crane, komwe kumachotsedwa mumlengalenga, kumawonjezeka mofulumira, kasupe wa chipangizo chotsatira amakanikizidwa, mpando wa valve wotulutsa mpweya umakwera, zomwe zimachititsa kuti kutsekeka kutsekedwe. valavu - mpweya wochokera kwa olandira umasiya kupita ku zipinda zophulika.Komabe, valavu yotulutsa mpweya sichimatseguka, kotero kuti kupanikizika mu chipinda cha brake sikuchepa, chifukwa chomwe braking imachitidwa ndi mphamvu imodzi kapena ina.Ndi kukanikiza kwina kwa pedal, mavavu amatsegulanso ndipo mpweya umalowa m'zipinda - ma braking ndi ovuta kwambiri.Izi zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa khama lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popondaponda komanso kulimba kwa braking, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kumapangitsa "kumverera kwa pedal".
Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito crane ya KAMAZ yokhala ndi magawo awiri
Pamene pedal imatulutsidwa, chipangizo chotsatira chimachotsedwa ku ma valve, chifukwa chake valavu yolowetsa imatseka pansi pa kasupe, ndipo valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa - mpweya woponderezedwa kuchokera pamzere wa chipinda cha brake umalowa mumlengalenga, kulepheretsa. zimachitika.Mukasindikizanso pedal, njira zonse zimabwerezedwa.
Palinso mapangidwe ena a ma valve ophwanyidwa, kuphatikizapo valavu imodzi yokha yomwe imalowa m'malo mwa ma valve olowetsa ndi kutuluka, koma mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zoterezi ndi zofanana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi.M'magulu ena a magawo awiri, gawo limodzi (lapamwamba) likhoza kukhala ngati chipangizo chotsatira cha gawo lapansi, zipangizo zoterezi zimakhala ndi njira zowonjezera zowonetsetsa kuti ntchito ya m'munsiyi ikugwira ntchito popanda kukakamizidwa kumtunda wapamwamba.
Mavavu a brake, mosasamala kanthu za kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito, amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zingapo zothandizira:
● Pneumatic brake light switch ndi chipangizo chosinthira ma electro-pneumatic chomwe chimalumikizana ndi valavu ya valve, yomwe, mphamvu ikakwera (ndiko kuti, pamene ikuphulika) imayatsa magetsi a galimoto;
● Muffler ("fungus") ndi chipangizo chomwe chimachepetsa phokoso la mpweya wotuluka mumlengalenga pamene galimoto ikutulutsidwa;
● Kuyendetsa pamanja - zitsulo kapena ndodo zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pamanja / kuswa galimoto pakagwa mwadzidzidzi kapena kukonza.
Komanso pa thupi la crane pali zingwe zolumikizira mapaipi kuchokera kwa olandila ndi mizere ya zipinda zophwanyika, mabulaketi kapena mafunde okhala ndi mabowo okwera ndi zinthu zina.
Mavavu amatha kuyikidwa pamalo abwino pafupi ndi zinthu zina zamakina a pneumatic, kapena mwachindunji pansi pa brake pedal.Pachiyambi choyamba, ndondomeko ya ndodo ndi zitsulo zimaperekedwa kuti zipereke mphamvu ku crane, kachiwiri, pedal ikhoza kukhala pafupi kapena mwachindunji pa crane ndikukhala ndi galimoto yocheperako.
Nkhani zakusankha, kukonza ndikusintha mavavu a brake
Valve ya brake ndi imodzi mwamaulamuliro ofunikira kwambiri a brake system, kotero imafunika kukonzedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati pali vuto, iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa posachedwa.
Mtundu ndi mtundu wa crane womwe udayikidwa kale pagalimoto uyenera kutengedwa kuti usinthe, ngati kuli kofunikira, ma analogue okhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenera (kupanikizika ndi magwiridwe antchito), miyeso yoyika ndi mtundu wagalimoto ungagwiritsidwe ntchito.Kuyika kwa crane yatsopano kuyenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo okonza galimotoyo, zomangira zofunika, zosindikizira ndi zopaka mafuta ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhazikitsa.
Crane imakonzedwa nthawi zonse motsatira malangizo a wopanga magalimoto.Iliyonse ya TO-2 imachitika poyang'ana mawonekedwe a chipangizocho ndikuwunika kulimba kwake (kufufuza kutayikira kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kapena emulsion ya sopo ndi khutu), komanso kudzoza kwa magawo opaka.Pa mtunda uliwonse wa 50-70,000, crane imaphwanyidwa ndikuphwanyidwa, kutsukidwa ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi zovuta, zida zowonongeka kapena zolakwika zimasinthidwa ndi zatsopano, panthawi ya msonkhano wotsatira, mafuta odzola ndi osindikiza amasinthidwa.Pankhaniyi, pangafunike kusintha valavu sitiroko ndi valavu actuator.Ntchitozi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kusinthidwa, komanso kukonza nthawi zonse, valavu ya brake idzagwira ntchito modalirika, kuonetsetsa kuti kayendetsedwe kake ka kayendetsedwe ka galimoto kakuyenda bwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-14-2023