Mugawo lililonse lamakono lamagetsi, nthawi zonse pamakhala sensa ya crankshaft, yomwe imapangidwira njira zoyatsira ndi jekeseni wamafuta.Werengani zonse za masensa a malo a crankshaft, mitundu yawo, kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito, komanso kusankha kolondola ndikusintha zida izi m'nkhaniyi.
Cholinga ndi malo a crankshaft position sensor mu injini
Crankshaft position sensor (DPKV, synchronization sensor, reference start sensor) - gawo lamagetsi amagetsi a injini yoyaka moto;Sensa yomwe imayang'anira magwiridwe antchito a crankshaft (malo, liwiro), ndikuwonetsetsa kugwira ntchito kwa makina akuluakulu amagetsi (kuyaka, mphamvu, kugawa gasi, etc.).
Ma injini amakono oyaka mkati mwamitundu yonse nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zowongolera zamagetsi, zomwe zimatengera magwiridwe antchito amtundu uliwonse.Malo ofunikira kwambiri pamakina otere amakhala ndi masensa - zida zapadera zomwe zimatsata mawonekedwe ena agalimoto, ndikutumiza deta kugawo lamagetsi (ECU).Masensa ena ndi ofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa magetsi, kuphatikizapo crankshaft position sensor.
DPKV imayesa parameter imodzi - malo a crankshaft pa nthawi iliyonse.Kutengera zomwe zapezeka, liwiro la shaft ndi liwiro lake la angular zimatsimikiziridwa.Kulandila izi, ECU imathetsa ntchito zingapo:
● Kutsimikiza kwa mphindi ya TDC (kapena TDC) ya pistoni ya silinda yoyamba ndi / kapena yachinayi;
● Kulamulira kwa jekeseni wa mafuta - kutsimikiza kwa mphindi ya jekeseni ndi nthawi ya majekeseni;
● Kuwongolera makina oyatsira - kudziwa nthawi yoyatsira mu silinda iliyonse;
● Kulamulira kwa nthawi ya valve yosinthika;
● Kulamulira kwa machitidwe a zigawo za mafuta obwezeretsa mpweya;
● Kuwongolera ndi kukonza kayendetsedwe ka machitidwe ena okhudzana ndi injini.
Chifukwa chake, DPKV imatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a machitidwe ake akuluakulu awiri - poyatsira (pokhapokha mu injini zamafuta) ndi jekeseni wamafuta (mu majekeseni ndi injini za dizilo).Komanso, sensa inakhala yabwino kuwongolera machitidwe ena agalimoto, ntchito yomwe imalumikizidwa mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina ndi malo ndi liwiro la shaft.Sensa yolakwika imatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a injini, chifukwa chake iyenera kusinthidwa.Koma musanagule DPKV yatsopano, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu ya zida izi, kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mfundo ya ntchito ya DPKV
Mosasamala mtundu ndi kapangidwe kake, masensa a crankshaft amakhala ndi magawo awiri:
● Sensa ya malo;
● Master disk (sync disk, sync disk).
DPKV imayikidwa mu pulasitiki kapena aluminiyamu, yomwe imayikidwa ndi bracket pafupi ndi master disk.Chojambuliracho chimakhala ndi cholumikizira chamagetsi cholumikizira kumagetsi agalimoto, cholumikizira chikhoza kupezeka pa sensa thupi komanso pa chingwe chake chachifupi.Sensa imayikidwa pa injini ya injini kapena pa bulaketi yapadera, imakhala moyang'anizana ndi master disc ndipo ikugwira ntchito imawerengera mano ake.
Crankshaft position sensor pamainjini osiyanasiyana
Master disc ndi pulley kapena gudumu, pambali pake pali mano amtundu wa square.Chimbalecho chimakhala chokhazikika pa crankshaft pulley kapena mwachindunji chala chake, chomwe chimatsimikizira kusinthasintha kwa mbali zonse ziwiri ndi ma frequency ofanana.
Kugwira ntchito kwa sensa kumatha kutengera zochitika ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana za thupi, zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndi zida zamitundu itatu:
● Inductor (kapena maginito);
● Kutengera momwe Nyumbayi ikuyendera;
● Optical (kuwala).
Mtundu uliwonse wa masensa uli ndi mawonekedwe ake ake komanso mfundo zake zogwirira ntchito.
Inductive (magnetic) DPKV.Pamtima pa chipangizocho pali phata la maginito lomwe limayikidwa pozungulira (koyilo).Kugwira ntchito kwa sensor kumatengera mphamvu ya electromagnetic induction.Popumula, mphamvu ya maginito mu sensa imakhala yosasinthasintha ndipo palibe panopa pakuyenda kwake.Pamene dzino lachitsulo la master disk likudutsa pafupi ndi maginito pachimake, mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira pachimake imasintha mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kulowetsedwa kwaposachedwa.Pamene chimbale chimazungulira, alternating panopa wa pafupipafupi zina zimachitika pa linanena bungwe sensa, amene ntchito ndi ECU kudziwa liwiro crankshaft ndi malo ake.
Uwu ndiye mawonekedwe osavuta a sensa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya injini.Ubwino wa zipangizo zamtundu uwu ndi ntchito yawo popanda magetsi - izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuzigwirizanitsa ndi mawaya amodzi okha ku gawo lolamulira.
Hall effect sensor.Sensayi imachokera ku zomwe adapeza katswiri wa sayansi ya ku America Edwin Hall pafupifupi zaka zana ndi theka zapitazo: mphamvu ikadutsa mbali ziwiri zosiyana za mbale yachitsulo yopyapyala yomwe imayikidwa mu mphamvu ya maginito nthawi zonse, magetsi amawonekera mbali zake ziwiri.Zomverera zamakono zamtunduwu zimamangidwa pazida zapadera za Hall zomwe zimayikidwa mumlandu wokhala ndi maginito cores, ndipo ma disks ambuye awo ali ndi mano amagetsi.Sensa imagwira ntchito mophweka: popumula, pali zero voteji pa linanena bungwe la sensa, pamene magnetized dzino likudutsa, voteji amawonekera pa linanena bungwe.Monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, pamene master disk imazungulira, kusinthika kwamakono kumatuluka pamtundu wa DPKV, womwe umaperekedwa ku ECU.
Inductive crankshaft position sensor
Iyi ndi sensa yovuta kwambiri, yomwe, komabe, imapereka kulondola kwakukulu pamlingo wonse wa liwiro la crankshaft.Komanso, sensa ya Hall imafuna mphamvu yosiyana kuti igwire ntchito, choncho imalumikizidwa ndi mawaya atatu kapena anayi.
Optical masensa.Maziko a sensa ndi awiri a kuwala gwero ndi wolandila (LED ndi photodiode), mu kusiyana pakati pa mano kapena mabowo a master disk.Sensa imagwira ntchito mophweka: disk, pamene ikuzungulira mosiyanasiyana, imaposa kuwala kwa LED, chifukwa chake mphamvu yamagetsi imapangidwa pakupanga photodiode - imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chipangizo chamagetsi kuti chiyezedwe.
Panopa, masensa kuwala ndi ntchito yochepa, chifukwa cha zovuta ntchito yawo mu injini - mkulu fumbi, kuthekera utsi, kuipitsidwa ndi zakumwa, dothi msewu, etc.
Ma disks okhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira ntchito ndi masensa.Chimbale choterocho chimagawidwa m'mano 60 omwe ali ndi madigiri 6 aliwonse, pamene m'malo amodzi a disk mulibe mano awiri (kulunzanitsa chimbale mtundu 60-2) - chiphaso ichi ndi chiyambi cha crankshaft kasinthasintha ndi kuonetsetsa kalunzanitsidwe kachipangizo, ECU ndi machitidwe ogwirizana nawo.Kawirikawiri, dzino loyamba mutatha kudumpha limagwirizana ndi malo a pistoni ya silinda yoyamba kapena yotsiriza ku TDC kapena TDC.Palinso zimbale ndi kulumpha mano awiri ali pa ngodya ya madigiri 180 wina ndi mzake (kulunzanitsa chimbale mtundu 60-2-2), zimbale zimenezi ntchito pa mitundu ina ya mayunitsi dizilo mphamvu.
Ma disks ambuye a masensa ochititsa chidwi amapangidwa ndi chitsulo, nthawi zina nthawi yomweyo ngati crankshaft pulley.Ma discs a masensa a Hall nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki, ndipo maginito okhazikika amakhala m'mano awo.
Pomaliza, tikuwona kuti DPKV nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa crankshaft ndi camshaft, pamapeto pake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira malo ndi liwiro la camshaft ndikusintha magwiridwe antchito a makina ogawa gasi.
Kuyika kwa inductive type DPKV ndi master disk
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha sensa ya crankshaft molondola
DPKV imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'galimoto, kuwonongeka kwa sensa kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa injini (chiyambi chovuta, ntchito yosakhazikika, kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, kuphulika, etc.).Ndipo nthawi zina, ngati DPKV yalephera, injini imakhala yosagwira ntchito (monga momwe chizindikiro cha Check Engine chikusonyezera).Ngati pali zovuta zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi ntchito ya injini, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana kachipangizo ka crankshaft, ndipo ngati sichikuyenda bwino, chitani m'malo mwake.
Choyamba, muyenera kuyendera sensa, fufuzani kukhulupirika kwa thupi lake, cholumikizira ndi mawaya.Sensor inductive imatha kufufuzidwa ndi tester - ndikokwanira kuyeza kukana kwa mafunde, komwe sensor yogwira ntchito imakhala nayo mumitundu ya 0.6-1.0 kOhm.Sensor Hall sangathe kufufuzidwa motere, matenda ake akhoza kuchitidwa pa zipangizo zapadera.Koma chophweka njira ndi kukhazikitsa kachipangizo latsopano, ndipo ngati injini akuyamba, ndiye vuto linali ndendende mu kusagwira ntchito wakale DPKV.
Kuti mulowe m'malo, muyenera kusankha sensa yokha ya mtundu womwe unayikidwa pagalimoto ndikuvomerezedwa ndi automaker.Zomverera za mtundu wina sizingagwirizane ndi malo kapena kupanga zolakwika zazikulu mumiyeso, ndipo, chifukwa chake, zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito agalimoto.DPKV iyenera kusinthidwa motsatira malangizo okonza galimoto.Nthawi zambiri, ndikokwanira kulumikiza cholumikizira magetsi, kumasula zomangira / mabawuti imodzi kapena ziwiri, chotsani sensa ndikuyika ina m'malo mwake.Sensa yatsopano iyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 0.5-1.5 mm kuchokera kumapeto kwa master disk (mtunda weniweni ukusonyezedwa mu malangizo), mtunda uwu ukhoza kusinthidwa ndi ma washers kapena njira ina.Ndi kusankha koyenera kwa DPKV ndi m'malo mwake, injini imayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zina padzakhala kofunikira kuwongolera kachipangizo ndikukhazikitsanso zolakwika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023