Normal ntchito injini ndi zotheka kokha ngati crankshaft wake alibe kwambiri axial kusamutsidwa - backlash.Malo okhazikika a shaft amaperekedwa ndi magawo apadera - kukakamiza theka-mphete.Werengani za crankshaft half-rings, mitundu yake, mapangidwe, kusankha ndi kusintha m'nkhaniyi.
Thandizo la theka la mphete ya crankshaft ndi chiyani?
Sensa yamagetsi yamafuta ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zida ndi zida zama alarm pamakina opaka mafuta obwezeretsanso injini zoyatsira mkati;Sensa yoyezera kukakamizidwa mu dongosolo lopaka mafuta ndikuwonetsa kuchepa kwake pansi pamlingo wovuta.
Crankshaft thrust half-rings (zothandizira theka-mphete, mawotchi ochapira, crankshaft thrust yokhala ndi theka-rings) ndi ma bere apadera owoneka ngati mphete zomwe zimakhazikitsa kusuntha kwa axial (backlash, chilolezo) cha crankshaft yakuyaka kwamkati. injini.
M'ma injini oyatsira mkati, vuto la kukangana ndi lovuta kwambiri, makamaka lofunikira pa crankshaft - mu injini wamba ya ma silinda anayi, shaft ili ndi mfundo zosachepera zisanu (zolemba zazikulu) zokhala ndi malo olumikizana kwambiri.Kuthamanga kwambiri kumatha kuchitika pamene nsagwada za shaft zikumana ndi zogwiriziza.Pofuna kupewa izi, magazini akuluakulu a crankshaft amapangidwa mokulirapo kuposa othandizira awo.Komabe, yankho lotereli limayambitsa kusewera kwa axial kwa crankshaft, zomwe sizingavomerezeke konse - kusuntha kwa axial kwa shaft kumapangitsa kuti magawo a crank awonongeke ndipo angayambitse kuwonongeka kwawo.
Kuti muchepetse kusinthika kwa crankshaft, cholumikizira chimayikidwa pa imodzi mwazothandizira zake.Kunyamula uku kumasiyana ndi liner wamba ndi kukhalapo kwa lateral kukankhira pamwamba mu mawonekedwe a kolala, mphete zochotseka kapena mphete theka.Pa masaya a crankshaft pamalo oyikapo izi, malo opangira annular amapangidwa - amalumikizana ndi mphete zatheka.Masiku ano, ma injini onse a pistoni ali ndi zida zopondereza, pomwe mbali zonse zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Mitundu ndi mapangidwe a crankshaft amathandizira theka-mphete
Mitundu iwiri ya magawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kusewera kwa crankshaft:
• Kokani mphete;
• Ochapira.
Washers ndi mphete zachidutswa chimodzi zomwe zimayikidwa mothandizira magazini yayikulu yakumbuyo ya crankshaft.Mphete za theka ndi theka la mphete zomwe zimayikidwa kumbuyo kumbuyo kapena imodzi mwazolemba zazikulu zapakatikati za crankshaft.Masiku ano, mphete za theka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa zimathandizira bwino kwambiri pamtunda wa crankshaft ndikutha mofanana, ndipo ndizosavuta kuyika / kugwetsa.Kuphatikiza apo, ma washer amatha kukhazikitsidwa pamapepala akumbuyo a shaft, ndipo mphete za theka zitha kuyikidwa pakhosi lililonse.
Mwadongosolo, mphete za theka ndi zotsuka ndizosavuta.Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mkuwa wolimba kapena chitsulo chosindikizira theka-mphete / mphete, pomwe zokutira zotsutsana ndi mikangano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimachepetsa kukangana pamtunda woponderezedwa pansagwada ya shaft.Pa antifriction wosanjikiza, awiri kapena kuposerapo ofukula (nthawi zina ma radial) amapangidwa kuti mafuta azidutsa mwaulere.Komanso, mabowo ndi zikhomo zomangira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zitha kuperekedwa pa mphete / theka la mphete kuti zisatembenuke.
Malinga ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi theka mphete ndi:
• Mkuwa wolimba;
• Chitsulo-aluminium - aluminiyumu alloy amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antifriction wosanjikiza;
• Kupopera kwachitsulo-ceramic - bronze-graphite kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antifriction layer.
Bronze half-rings
Chitsulo-aluminium theka mphete
Metal-ceramic theka-mphete
Masiku ano, zitsulo-aluminium ndi ceramic-metal half-ringings zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa mu injini imodzi kumbali zosiyanasiyana za magazini yothandizira.
Theka mphete zili ndi mitundu iwiri ya kukula kwake:
• Mwadzina;
• Kukonza.
Magawo akukula mwadzina amayikidwa pamainjini atsopano komanso pamainjini osavala pang'ono pamtunda wa crankshaft ndi chithandizo.Zigawo za kukula kokonza zimakhala ndi makulidwe owonjezereka (nthawi zambiri amachulukitsa +0.127 mm) ndipo amakulolani kuti muthe kulipira mavalidwe amtundu wa crankshaft ndi chithandizo.
The crankshaft thrust bearing imatha kupezeka m'magazini ake osiyanasiyana:
- Pa imodzi mwa magazini chapakati (mu injini zinayi yamphamvu - pa lachitatu);
- Pakhosi lakumbuyo (kuchokera mbali ya flywheel).
Pankhaniyi, mphete ziwiri kapena zinayi za theka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Pankhani ya mphete ziwiri za theka, zimayikidwa m'mizere ya chivundikiro chapansi (chivundikiro cha goli).Pankhani ya mphete zinayi za theka, zimayikidwa muzitsulo za chivundikiro chapansi ndi chithandizo chapamwamba.Palinso injini zokhala ndi mphete imodzi yokha kapena makina ochapira amodzi.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha mphete za theka la crankshaft?
M'kupita kwa nthawi, kuyika mphete za theka, monga zimbalangondo zilizonse, zimatha, chifukwa chake kusewera kwa axial kwa crankshaft kumawonjezeka.The ntchito mmbuyo (kusiyana) wa crankshaft lagona mu osiyanasiyana 0.06-0.26 mm, pazipita - monga ulamuliro, sayenera upambana 0.35-0.4 mm.Izi zimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera chomwe chimayikidwa kumapeto kwa crankshaft.Ngati backlash ipitilira zomwe zimaloledwa, ma theka-ringings ayenera kusinthidwa.
Mitundu yayikulu ya ma diaphragm (diaphragm) mafuta ophatikizira masensa
Sensor ndi ya mtundu wolumikizana.Chipangizocho chili ndi gulu lolumikizana - cholumikizira chosunthika chomwe chili pa nembanemba, ndi kulumikizana kokhazikika kolumikizidwa ndi thupi la chipangizocho.Malo omwe amalumikizana amasankhidwa m'njira yoti pamagetsi amafuta omwe ali m'dongosolo amalumikizana ndi otseguka, ndipo pamavuto otsika amatsekedwa.Kupanikizika kwa pakhomo kumayikidwa ndi kasupe, zimatengera mtundu ndi chitsanzo cha injini, kotero zowunikira zamtundu wa kukhudzana sizimasinthasintha nthawi zonse.
Rheostat sensor.Chipangizocho chili ndi waya wokhazikika wa rheostat ndi slider yolumikizidwa ku nembanemba.Nembanembayo ikachoka pamalo apakati, wotsetsereka amazungulira mozungulira mozungulira ndi mpando wogwedezeka ndikusuntha motsatira rheostat - izi zimabweretsa kusintha kwa kukana kwa rheostat, komwe kumayang'aniridwa ndi chipangizo choyezera kapena chamagetsi.Choncho, kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mafuta kumawoneka mu kusintha kwa kukana kwa sensa, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza.
Posankha mphete za theka, m'pofunika kuganizira za nuance yofunika: osati mphete za theka zokha, komanso zokopa za crankshaft ziyenera kuvala.Chifukwa chake, mu injini zatsopano, pamene chilolezo cha crankshaft chikuwonjezeka, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kusintha mphete zowonongeka zokha - pamenepa, ndikofunikira kugula magawo a kukula kwake.Ndipo m'mainjini okhala ndi ma mileage apamwamba, kuvala kwapamwamba kwa crankshaft kumawonekera - pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kugula mphete zowongolera kukula.
Ndikofunikira kusankha mphete zatsopano za theka za mitundu yofananira ndi manambala amndandanda ngati akale.Ndikofunikira kuti azitsatira mokwanira miyeso yoyikapo, ndikukhala ndi zokutira zoyenera zotsutsana ndi mikangano.Makamaka zochitika zomalizazi ndizofunikira kwa ma motors momwe mphete za theka zokhala ndi zokutira zotsutsana ndi zotsutsana zimayikidwa poyamba.Mwachitsanzo, pa injini zambiri VAZ kumbuyo theka-mphete ndi ceramic-zitsulo, ndi kutsogolo ndi zitsulo zotayidwa, ndipo sasintha.
M'malo mphete theka ayenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto.Pa injini zina, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mphasa ndikuchotsa chivundikiro cham'munsi cha chipwirikiti, pama motors ena padzakhala kofunikira kupanga disassembly yowopsa.Mukayika mphete zatsopano, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mawonekedwe awo - zokutira zotsutsana (pomwe ma grooves nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa) ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumasaya a crankshaft.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndikuyika mphete za theka, mayendedwe othamangitsa adzaonetsetsa kusewera kwabwino kwa crankshaft ndikugwira ntchito kodalirika kwa injini yonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-21-2023