Pafupifupi injini zonse zoyatsira pisitoni zokhala ndi mikwingwirima inayi zili ndi makina ogawa gasi opangidwa ndi camshaft.Chilichonse chokhudza ma camshafts, mitundu yawo yomwe ilipo, kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito, komanso kusankha kolondola ndikusintha ma shafts, werengani nkhaniyi.
Cholinga cha camshaft ndi malo ake mu unit mphamvu
Camshaft (RV, camshaft) ndi gawo la njira yogawa gasi (nthawi) ya piston ya injini zoyatsira zamkati zomwe zimayendetsa njira yosinthira gasi;Chitsulo chachitsulo chokhala ndi makamera opangidwa ndi mbiri yapadera, yomwe imatsimikizira kutsegulidwa ndi kutseka kwa ma valve kuti alowetse chisakanizo choyaka moto kapena mpweya mu silinda ndikutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya malinga ndi kayendedwe ka pistoni ndikugwira ntchito kwa onse. masilinda.
Nthawi ndi imodzi mwamakina akuluakulu a injini yoyatsira mkati yobwereranso, chifukwa chake, kusakanikirana kwamafuta a mpweya (mu injini za carburetor) kapena mpweya (mu ma jekeseni ndi injini za dizilo) kumasinthidwe kumatsimikiziridwa, ndipo mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatsimikiziridwa. kumasulidwa ku masilindala okha pa nthawi zodziwika bwino.Kusinthana kwa gasi kumachitika ndi mavavu opangidwa mu silinda iliyonse, ndipo kuyendetsa kwawo ndikugwirizanitsa ntchito ndi makina a crank ndi machitidwe ena a unit mphamvu ikuchitika ndi gawo limodzi - camshaft.
RV imapatsidwa ntchito zingapo zofunika:
● Actuator (zachindunji kapena zosalunjika kudzera m'zigawo zapakati) za ma valve olowetsa ndi otulutsa mpweya;
● Kuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ikufanana ndi machitidwe ena a mphamvu;
● Kuonetsetsa kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa ma valve olowetsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya molingana ndi nthawi yotchulidwa ya valve (pakulowetsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya pamlingo wina wa kuzungulira kwa crankshaft yokhudzana ndi TDC ndi chiyambi / mapeto a zikwapu);
● Nthawi zina, kuyendetsa kwa makina ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi nthawi (zowononga magetsi, pompu yamafuta, ndi zina zotero).
Udindo waukulu wa RV ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a ma valve a nthawi molingana ndi magawo anthawi yamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi awa.Chifukwa cha mapangidwe apadera, camshaft imatsimikizira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa ma valve onse pa nthawi yoyenera, imayika ma angles a kuphatikizika kwawo pa zikwapu zina, ndi zina zotero. imayimitsa, shaft yotere imafuna kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo.Koma musanagule gawo latsopano, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo ya RV, kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a camshafts
Kawirikawiri, RV imapangidwa ngati chitsulo chachitsulo chazing'ono, chomwe chimapangidwira zinthu zingapo:
● Makamera;
● Thandizo la makosi;
● Gear ndi/kapena eccentric drive ya njira zosiyanasiyana;
● Soki wokwezera pulley/giya yoyendetsa.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za camshaft ndi makamera, chiwerengero chake mu injini popanda kusintha gawo limafanana ndi chiwerengero cha mavavu (onse pa kudya ndi kutulutsa mpweya).Makamera ali ndi mbiri yovuta yooneka ngati dontho, pamene RV imazungulira, makamera amathamangira ndikuthamangira othamanga, motero amapereka galimoto yoyendetsa valve.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amtundu wa cam, sikuti kutsegulira ndi kutseka kwa mavavu kumatheka, komanso kumawasunga pamalo otseguka kwa nthawi inayake, akudutsana motsatira magawo, ndi zina zotero.
Pamwamba pa makamera onse amasunthidwa molingana ndi wina ndi mzake, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ma cylinders onse amatsatiridwa motsatira dongosolo lomwe lakhazikitsidwa pagawo linalake la mphamvu.Mu RV kwa injini zinayi zamphamvu, nsonga za makamera a silinda imodzi zimasunthidwa ndi madigiri 90, kwa injini zisanu ndi imodzi - ndi madigiri 60, kwa injini zisanu ndi zitatu zooneka ngati V - ndi madigiri 45, ndi zina zotero. nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza zosiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe agalimoto.
RV imayikidwa mu chipika kapena mutu wa injini pogwiritsa ntchito magazini othandizira m'mabowo kapena mabedi opangidwa mwapadera.RV imakhazikika pa zotayira (liners) kapena chidutswa chimodzi (bushings) chogudubuza mayendedwe opangidwa ndi ma alloys apadera okhala ndi coefficient yochepa ya kukangana.Mabowo amapangidwa m'mabowo kuti apereke mafuta a injini kumamagazini kuchokera ku makina opangira mafuta ambiri.Ponyamula imodzi mwazolemba (nthawi zambiri kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo), mphete yokhomerera kapena chipangizo china chotseka chimapangidwa kuti chiteteze kusuntha kwa axial kwa RV.
M'malo aliwonse abwino a RV, zida za helical kapena eccentric zitha kupangidwa kuti ziyendetse mayunitsi osiyanasiyana.Mothandizidwa ndi giya, kuyendetsa kwa pampu yamafuta kapena wogawa nthawi zambiri kumazindikirika, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi eccentric, kuyendetsa kwa pampu yamafuta kumachitika.Pa mitundu ina ya RV, zinthu zonsezi zilipo, pa injini zamakono, m'malo mwake, zinthu izi palibe konse.
Pamaso pa shaft pali chala chala, chomwe pulley yoyendetsa galimoto kapena gear imayikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi ndi bolt.Chotsitsa chochotsamo chingathenso kupezeka pano, chomwe chimapereka kusinthasintha kwa camshaft pamaso pa pampu drive eccentric kapena mbali zina za asymmetrical pamenepo.
Ma RV amagawidwa m'magulu angapo malinga ndi njira yokhazikitsira ndi kuchuluka kwa injini imodzi, mtundu wagalimoto, kupezeka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yanthawi ndi mawonekedwe ena.
Malinga ndi njira yokhazikitsira, ma camshafts amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
● Kuyika mwachindunji mu chipika cha injini (ma injini okhala ndi shaft yotsika);
● Kuyika mu block head (ma injini okhala ndi shaft pamwamba).
Nthawi zambiri, palibe zinthu zina zowonjezera m'mitsinje yapansi, kudzoza kwawo kumachitika chifukwa cha nkhungu yamafuta mu crankcase komanso kuperekedwa kwa mafuta opanikizika kumagazini othandizira kudzera m'matchire.Pamiyendo yapamwamba nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira yayitali ndipo kubowola mozungulira kumachitika m'mabuku othandizira - izi zimatsimikizira kuti magaziniwo amathiridwa mafuta popaka mafuta.
Camshafts amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini
Injini ikhoza kukhala ndi RV imodzi kapena ziwiri, poyamba shaft imodzi imapereka galimoto kwa mavavu onse, kachiwiri, shaft imodzi imapereka galimoto yokha kwa ma valve olowa, yachiwiri ndi ma valve otopetsa okha.Chifukwa chake, pa RV yonse, kuchuluka kwa makamera kumafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mavavu onse, ndipo pamtundu uliwonse wa ma RV osiyanasiyana, chiwerengero cha makamera ndi theka la mavavu onse.
RV imatha kuyendetsedwa ndi lamba, unyolo kapena zida zolumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zida za crankshaft.Masiku ano, mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya ma actuators imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, chifukwa choyendetsa zida sizodalirika komanso zovuta kusintha (pamafunika disassembly yayikulu yagawo pakukhazikitsa magawo kapena kukonza).
Pomaliza, ma RV onse amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi mtundu wa makina ogawa gasi momwe angagwirire ntchito:
● Kwa injini zokhala ndi nthawi yokhazikika;
● Kwa mayunitsi okhala ndi nthawi yokhala ndi ma valve osinthika.
Mu ma camshafts amtundu wachiwiri, pangakhale makamera owonjezera, osinthidwa pang'ono pang'ono pokhudzana ndi kamera yayikulu - ndi chithandizo chawo, ma valve amayendetsedwa pamene gawo likusintha.Komanso, ma shafts awa amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zapadera zokhotakhota, kusuntha gawo lonse motsatira axis, ndi zina.
Ma RV amitundu yonse ndi mapangidwe ake amapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena chitsulo chosungunula, pamwamba pa makamera achitsulo ma RV amathandizidwanso ndi kutentha (kuzimitsa ndi mafunde othamanga kwambiri), makamera azitsulo zotayidwa amakhetsedwa (kuyeretsa powonjezera kuzizira). za kuponyera) - izi zimakwaniritsa kuwonjezeka kwa kukana kwa magawo.Ma shafts omalizidwa amakhala oyenerera kuti achepetse kuthamanga, ndipo pokhapo amaikidwa pa injini kapena amatumizidwa kumaketani ogulitsa.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha camshaft molondola
Camshaft imatha kuvala pakapita nthawi, tchipisi ndi mawonekedwe owumitsa pamakamera ake, ndipo nthawi zina gawolo limawonongeka pang'ono kapena kwathunthu.Muzochitika zonsezi, shaft iyenera kusinthidwa ndi yatsopano.Ntchitoyi imafuna kutayika kwakukulu kwa injini ndi ntchito zina zowonjezera, choncho ndi bwino kuzipereka kwa katswiri kapena ntchito yamagalimoto.
Camshaft ndi malo ake munthawi yake
M'malo, m'pofunika kutenga camshaft mtundu ndi chitsanzo, amene anaikidwa pa injini kale.Nthawi zambiri, pofuna kukonza kapena kukonza magwiridwe antchito agalimoto, ma shaft okhala ndi mbiri yosiyana ndi makonzedwe a cam amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma kusintha kotereku kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha mutawerengera zofunikira.Komanso, pamodzi ndi shaft, m'pofunika kugula tchire latsopano kapena liners, nthawi zina m'pofunika kusintha pulley, distributor drive gear ndi mbali zina.Kugwira ntchito m'malo mwa shaft kumayenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo okonzekera injini, pambuyo pake kuphulika kumachitika.
Ndi kusankha bwino ndi m'malo camshaft nthawi yonse ya injini adzagwira ntchito modalirika ndi molimba mtima, kuonetsetsa ntchito ya unit mphamvu mu modes onse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023