Mitsempha yotuluka m'magawo otumizira ndi njira zina zagalimoto zimatha kuyambitsa kutayikira ndi kuipitsidwa kwamafuta - vutoli limathetsedwa ndikuyika zisindikizo zamafuta.Werengani zonse za zisindikizo zoyendetsa galimoto, kagayidwe kake, kapangidwe kake ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kusankha kolondola ndikusintha kwa zisindikizo m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi chisindikizo cha mafuta a drive ndi chiyani?
Chosindikizira mafuta oyendetsa (khafu) - chinthu chosindikizira chamagulu osiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe amagalimoto;gawo lophatikizana la mphete lomwe limatsimikizira kusindikizidwa kwa ma shafts, mayendedwe ndi magawo ena ozungulira pamalo omwe amatuluka kuchokera mthupi la unit.
M'galimoto iliyonse, thirakitala ndi zipangizo zina pali mayunitsi ndi njira, kuchokera m'thupi lomwe mitsinje yozungulira imatuluka - gearboxes, gearboxes, fan drives ndi ena.Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mafuta kapena mafuta ena mkati mwa mayunitsi, ndipo dzenje la shaft limatha kutayika komanso kuipitsidwa kwa mafutawo.Vuto la kusindikiza kutuluka kwa ma shafts ozungulira kunja kwa nyumba za mayunitsi amathetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zapadera zosindikizira - zisindikizo (ma cuffs) a galimoto.
Chisindikizo cha mafuta oyendetsa galimoto chimagwira ntchito zingapo:
● Kupewa kutuluka kwa mafuta ndi kutayika kwa mafuta ena m'thupi la unit kapena makina;
● Chitetezo cha makina ku madzi, fumbi ndi zowonongeka zazikulu;
● Kuteteza mafuta kuti asaipitsidwe ndi utsi ndi mpweya wina.
Kuphwanya umphumphu kapena kutayika kwa chisindikizo cha mafuta kumabweretsa kutayika kwakukulu kwa mafuta ndi kuipitsidwa kwake, zomwe posachedwa zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa gawo lonse.Kuti izi zitheke, gwero lachikale kapena chisindikizo cholakwika chagalimoto chiyenera kusinthidwa munthawi yake.Pakusankhidwa koyenera ndikusinthanso zinthu zosindikizira, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo, kapangidwe kake komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
Mapangidwe amtundu wa drive seal
Mitundu, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a zisindikizo zamagalimoto
Zisindikizo zonse zamafuta zimapangidwa ngati mphete yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati U, momwe zinthu zitatu zimawonekera:
● M'kati kapena ntchito - imakhala ndi mbali zogwirira ntchito, pamwamba pa chisindikizo cha mafuta ichi chimakhala pamtengo;
● Kunja - yosalala kapena grooved, pamwamba pa chisindikizo cha mafuta ichi chikugwirizana ndi thupi la unit;
● Mapeto - nthawi zambiri amakhala athyathyathya, malowa amakhala ofanana ndi thupi la unit.
Khafi imayikidwa pampando mu thupi la unit (bokosi losindikizira lamafuta) ndikukhazikika pa shaft, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, kulimba kwake kolimba kwa thupi ndi shaft kumatsimikizika, komwe kumakwaniritsa kusindikiza.
Zisindikizo zamafuta zimagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo malinga ndi kupezeka / kusapezeka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe a ntchito.
Choyamba, zisindikizo zamafuta zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ndi mapangidwe:
● Zopanda fulemu;
● Ndi chimango cholimbitsa.
Mapangidwe osindikizira osalimbikitsidwa ndi masika
Kumanga ndi miyeso yofunikira ya chisindikizo chamafuta cholimbikitsidwa ndi masika
Zisindikizo zamafuta zamtundu woyamba zimapangidwa ngati mphete yotanuka ya rabara yopangira, yomwe ili mkati mwake momwe nthiti zogwirira ntchito zimapangidwira.Monga muyezo, zisindikizo ziwiri zogwirira ntchito zimaperekedwa muzitsulo zamafuta - kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, koma chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kufika anayi.Mkati mwa mpheteyo muli kasupe wophimbidwa wokulungidwa mu mphete, yomwe imapereka chisindikizo cholimba chamafuta ku shaft.
Zisindikizo za mtundu wachiwiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri - mkati mwa mpheteyo pali chitsulo cholimbitsa chitsulo cha mawonekedwe amodzi.Nthawi zambiri, chimango chimakhala chowongoka (mbale yokulungidwa mu mphete) kapena mawonekedwe a L, koma pali zisindikizo zamafuta zomwe zimakhala ndi mafelemu ovuta kwambiri.Kupanda kutero, mbali zolimbikitsidwa ndizofanana ndi zomwe sizinalimbitsidwe.
Mafuta osindikizira okhala ndi chimango cholimbitsa amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
● Ndi chimango chotsekedwa;
● Yokhala ndi chimango chowonekera pang'ono;
● Ndi chimango chopanda kanthu.
Pamapangidwe amtundu woyamba, chimangocho chimakhala mkati mwa mphete ya mphira ya chisindikizo chamafuta, kapena mpheteyo imaphimba mbali zonse zakunja kwa chimango.Chachiwiri, mpheteyo imaphimba mapeto ndi mbali ya kunja kwa chimango, ndipo chachitatu, chimango chimakhala chotseguka.Zisindikizo zokhala ndi chimango cholimbikitsira pang'ono komanso chopanda kanthu zimayikidwa molimba kwambiri pampando wawo, chifukwa zimapumira pakhungu lachitsulo ndi mphete yachitsulo.Ngakhale zisindikizo zoterezi zimapereka chisindikizo choipitsitsa, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zosindikizira kapena zigawo zina zowonjezera.
Mphete zotanuka zamitundu yonse ya zisindikizo zamafuta zimatha kupangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphira wopangira - acrylate, rabara ya fluoro, butadiene-nitrile, silikoni (organosilicon) ndi ena.Zidazi zimakhala ndi kukana kosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsika komanso mafuta, koma zimakhala ndi ma coefficients ofanana a kukangana pazitsulo ndi mphamvu zamakina.
Zisindikizo za galimoto zimatha kukhala ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera:
● Kachidutswa kakang’ono kutsogolo kwa mpheteyo kamene kamapangitsa kuti zinthu zazikulu (miyala, ulusi, tchipisi, ndi zina zotero) zisalowe m’chisindikizo cha mafuta.Anther imatha kukanikizidwa pamtengowo chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kapena mothandizidwa ndi kasupe wowonjezera wophimbidwa;
● Kupukuta kwa kunja - grooving ya mawonekedwe osavuta kapena ovuta, omwe amachititsa kuti chisindikizo cha mafuta chikhale bwino komanso chimalepheretsa kutuluka kwa mafuta mofulumira komanso kutentha kumakwera;
● Hydrodynamic knurling ndi notche mkati (ntchito) pamwamba.Manono opindika amayikidwa pakona kwinakwake kwa chisindikizo chamafuta, kuletsa kutayikira kwamafuta pa liwiro lalikulu la shaft.Ma notches amatha kuchitidwa pamtunda wonse wamkati, kapena ngati mphete zingapo pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndi m'mphepete mwa ntchito.
Zisindikizo zamafuta zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri potsata kuzungulira kwa shaft:
● Kwa ma shaft omwe amazungulira nthawi zonse;
● Kwa mitengo yozungulira yozungulira.
Zisindikizo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana mumtundu wa knurling kapena notches pamalo ogwirira ntchito.Mu zisindikizo zamafuta zazitsulo zokhala ndi njira yozungulira nthawi zonse, kugwedeza kumapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a hatch yolunjika mbali imodzi, kotero mbali zotere zimakhala ndi "kumanja" ndi "kumanzere" knurlings (notches).Mu ma omentum osinthika, notch ndi zigzag kapena zovuta kwambiri mawonekedwe.
Mapangidwe a kaseti
Pomaliza, zisindikizo zoyendetsa ndi zamitundu iwiri pankhani yachitetezo:
● Yachibadwa (yokhazikika);
● Makaseti.
Zisindikizo zamafuta ochiritsira zili ndi mapangidwe omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa.Zisindikizo za makaseti zimapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a mphete ziwiri zomwe zimayikidwa imodzi mumzake (mphete yakunja imakhala pa thupi la unityo ndipo imakhala pamtengo, mphete yamkati imakhala kunja ndipo pang'ono imakhazikika pamtengowo) - kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala kolimba. katundu wofunikira wamakina ndipo amapereka chitetezo chabwinoko pakulowa kwa zonyansa.Makaseti osindikizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayunitsi omwe amagwira ntchito ngati fumbi lowonjezereka komanso kuipitsidwa.
Pomaliza, tikuwona kuti m'magalimoto, mathirakitala ndi zida zina, zosindikizira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zawo: ma semi-axles a mawilo, ma gearbox shafts ndi ma gearbox, ma fan drive shafts ndi ena.Koma gawo lalikulu la magawowo limapezeka pamafayilo, omwe ali ndi dzina lawo.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha chisindikizo chamafuta oyendetsa
Zisindikizo zoyendetsa galimoto zimakhala ndi katundu wambiri, zomwe pakapita nthawi zimapangitsa kuti chisindikizo chiwonongeke, chiwonongeke kapena chiwonongeko.Kutuluka kwamafuta kumawoneka, chisindikizo chamafuta chiyenera kusinthidwa, apo ayi mafuta adzawonjezeka ndipo chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa kwake chidzawonjezeka, chomwe chimawonjezera mphamvu ya kutayika kwa zigawo za unit.Komanso, zisindikizo zamafuta ziyenera kusinthidwa pakukulitsa zida - nthawi yosinthira nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa ndi wopanga chipangizocho.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yokhayo ya zisindikizo zamafuta zomwe zidayikidwapo kale ndikuvomerezedwa ndi wopanga makinawo (omwe atsimikiziridwa ndi nambala yagawo mu kalozera woyambirira) ndi omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo.Nthawi zina, ndizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo, koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala ndikuganizira zachilendo za cuffs pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.Mwachitsanzo, zisindikizo za semi-axles za ma axles oyendetsa ziyenera kukhala ndi notch yosinthika (knurling), apo ayi atangoyikapo padzakhala kutayikira kwamafuta mumayendedwe ena oyendetsa kapena kutayikira kosalekeza chifukwa cha ntchito yolakwika ya chisindikizo.Kumbali ina, sizomveka kuyika chikhomo chosinthika pa fani, popeza shaft yosindikizidwa nthawi zonse imazungulira mbali imodzi.
Kusintha kwa zisindikizo zoyendetsa galimoto kuyenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo a kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto.Ntchitoyi ingafunike disassembly yaikulu ya unit anakonza, choncho ndi bwino kukhulupirira kwa akatswiri.Mukasintha chisindikizo nokha, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo omwe aperekedwa mu malangizo, apo ayi pali chiopsezo chachikulu chowononga gawolo kapena kuyiyika molakwika.Kuyika khafu yakale kumatha kuchitidwa ndi screwdriver wamba kapena chinthu china cholozera, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti zisawononge malo amilandu ndi shaft.Kuyika kwa chisindikizo chatsopano ndi bwino kuchita mothandizidwa ndi mandrel apadera omwe amatsimikizira kumiza yunifolomu ya chisindikizo cha mafuta mu bokosi losindikizira mafuta.Pamaso unsembe, khafu afewetsedwa ndi lubricant.Pamene chisindikizo chokhala ndi chimango chothandizira chopanda kanthu kapena chowonekera pang'ono chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, m'pofunika kugwiritsira ntchito malo okhudzana ndi chimango ndi thupi la unit ndi sealant.Pambuyo pogwira ntchitoyo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mafuta ku crankcase ya unit.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kusinthidwa kwa chisindikizo choyendetsa galimoto, chipangizocho chidzachita ntchito zake modalirika, ntchito yake sidzasokonezedwa ndi kutayikira ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta muzochitika zilizonse zogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-06-2023