Nthawi zina, kuti muyambitse injini, muyenera kudzaza dongosolo lamagetsi ndi mafuta - ntchitoyi imathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito pampu yolimbikitsira.Werengani za momwe pampu yamafuta imagwirira ntchito, chifukwa chake ikufunika, ndi mitundu yanji komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito, komanso kusankha ndikusintha zigawozi, werengani nkhaniyi.
Kodi pampu yamafuta pamanja ndi chiyani?
Pampu yopopera mafuta pamanja (pampu yamafuta pamanja, pampu yamafuta) ndi gawo lamakina amafuta (magetsi amagetsi) a injini zoyatsira mkati, mpope wocheperako wokhala ndi chowongolera chopopera makina.
Pampu yamafuta yamanja imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza mizere ndi zigawo zamafuta amafuta musanayambe injini pambuyo pa nthawi yayitali yosagwira ntchito, mutatha kusintha zosefera zamafuta kapena kukonza zina pomwe zotsalira zamafuta zidatsitsidwa.Nthawi zambiri, zida za injini za dizilo zimakhala ndi mapampu oterowo, ndizochepa kwambiri pa injini zamafuta (ndipo, makamaka pa injini za carburetor).
Mitundu ya mapampu owonjezera mafuta
Mapampu amafuta amanja amagawidwa m'magulu angapo malinga ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito, mtundu ndi kapangidwe kagalimoto, komanso njira yoyika.
Malinga ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito, mapampu otengera pamanja ali amitundu itatu:
• Membrane (diaphragm) - imatha kukhala ndi nembanemba imodzi kapena ziwiri;
• Mavuvu;
• Pistoni.
Mapampu amatha kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri yoyendetsa:
• Buku;
• Kuphatikiza - magetsi kapena makina kuchokera ku injini ndi buku.
Ma drive amanja okha omwe ali ndi mapampu a bellows komanso kuchuluka kwa mapampu amanja a diaphragm.Mapampu a pistoni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magalimoto ophatikizika, kapena amaphatikiza mapampu awiri osiyana m'nyumba imodzi - yokhala ndi makina ndi ma drive.Nthawi zambiri, mayunitsi okhala ndi ma drive ophatikizika si mapampu amanja - ndi mafuta (mu injini zamafuta) kapena ma priming (mu injini za dizilo) omwe amatha kupopera pamanja.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka galimotoyo, mapampu a diaphragm ndi piston ndi:
• Ndi lever drive;
• Ndi kankhani-batani pagalimoto.
Pampu yamafuta a diaphragm yokhala ndi drive yophatikiza
M'mapampu amtundu woyamba, lever yogwedezeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito, m'magulu amtundu wachiwiri - chogwirira mu mawonekedwe a batani ndi kasupe wobwerera.M'mapampu a bellows, palibe kuyendetsa motere, ntchitoyi imachitidwa ndi thupi la chipangizocho.
Pomaliza, mapampu apamanja amatha kuyika mosiyanasiyana:
• Pakuphulika kwa mzere wa mafuta;
• Mwachindunji pa fyuluta yamafuta;
• M'malo osiyanasiyana pafupi ndi zida zamafuta (pafupi ndi thanki yamafuta, pafupi ndi injini).
Kuwala ndi yaying'ono mvuvu mapampu ( "mapeyala") amalowetsedwa mu mzere mafuta, alibe unsembe okhwima pa injini, thupi kapena mbali zina.Mapampu a diaphragm okhala ndi batani-batani ("achule"), opangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a compact unit, amayikidwa pa zosefera zamafuta.Mapampu a pistoni ndi diaphragm okhala ndi lever ndi ophatikizana amatha kuyika pa injini, ziwalo za thupi, ndi zina zambiri.
Kupanga ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mapampu amanja amafuta
Kugawidwa kwa mapampu a diaphragm ndi ma bellows ndi chifukwa cha kuphweka kwa mapangidwe awo, mtengo wotsika komanso kudalirika.Choyipa chachikulu cha mayunitsiwa ndi otsika kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri ndizokwanira kupopera dongosolo lamafuta ndikuyambitsa injini bwino.
Mapampu opangira mafuta amtundu wa bellows ("peyala")
Mapampu a Bellows ndi opangidwa mophweka kwambiri.Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi thupi lotanuka ngati babu la mphira kapena silinda yapulasitiki yamalata, mbali zonse ziwiri zomwe pali ma valve - kudya (kukoka) ndi kutulutsa (kutulutsa) ndi zolumikizira zawo.Mavavu amalola kuti madzimadzi adutse mbali imodzi yokha, ndipo nyumba zotanuka ndiye poyendetsa pampu.Mavavu ndi mavavu osavuta a mpira.
Pampu yamanja yamtundu wa bellows imagwira ntchito mosavuta.Kuponderezana kwa thupi ndi dzanja kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika - chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa uku, valve yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa (ndipo valve yolowera imakhalabe yotsekedwa), mpweya kapena mafuta mkati mwake amakankhidwira mzere.Kenaka thupi, chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake, limabwerera ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira (kuwonjezeka), kupanikizika mkati mwake kumatsika ndikukhala otsika kuposa mlengalenga, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatseka, ndipo valavu yolowetsa imatsegulidwa.Mafuta amalowa mu mpope kudzera mu valve yotsegula yotsegula, ndipo nthawi yotsatira thupi likakanikizidwa, kuzungulira kumabwereza.
Mapampu a diaphragm ndi ovuta kwambiri.Maziko a chipangizocho ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi chitsulo chozungulira, chomwe chimatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro.Pakati pa thupi ndi chivindikiro pali diaphragm yotanuka (diaphragm), yolumikizidwa ndi ndodo ku lever kapena batani pa chivundikiro cha mpope.Pamphepete mwa dzenje pali ma valve olowera ndi otuluka a mapangidwe amodzi kapena ena (komanso, monga lamulo, mpira).
Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka pampu ya diaphragm ndi yofanana ndi ya mayunitsi a bellows.Chifukwa cha mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa lever kapena batani, nembanemba imakwera ndikugwa, ikuwonjezeka ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chipindacho.Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu, kupanikizika m'chipinda kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi mlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu yolowera itsegule - mafuta amalowa m'chipinda.Ndi kuchepa kwa voliyumu, kupanikizika m'chipinda kumawonjezeka, valavu yowonjezera imatseka, ndipo valve yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa - mafuta amalowa mu mzere.Ndiye ndondomeko ikubwerezedwa.
Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito ya Diaphragm Pump
Mapampu a diaphragm ndi ovuta kwambiri.Maziko a chipangizocho ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi chitsulo chozungulira, chomwe chimatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro.Pakati pa thupi ndi chivindikiro pali diaphragm yotanuka (diaphragm), yolumikizidwa ndi ndodo ku lever kapena batani pa chivundikiro cha mpope.Pamphepete mwa dzenje pali ma valve olowera ndi otuluka a mapangidwe amodzi kapena ena (komanso, monga lamulo, mpira).
Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka pampu ya diaphragm ndi yofanana ndi ya mayunitsi a bellows.Chifukwa cha mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa lever kapena batani, nembanemba imakwera ndikugwa, ikuwonjezeka ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chipindacho.Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu, kupanikizika m'chipinda kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi mlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu yolowera itsegule - mafuta amalowa m'chipinda.Ndi kuchepa kwa voliyumu, kupanikizika m'chipinda kumawonjezeka, valavu yowonjezera imatseka, ndipo valve yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa - mafuta amalowa mu mzere.Ndiye ndondomeko ikubwerezedwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-21-2023