Mu injini zokhala ndi ma valve apamwamba ndi zida zina zanthawi, chivundikiro chimaperekedwa, chomwe chimayikidwa pamutu wa silinda kudzera pa gasket.Werengani za chomwe chivundikiro cha valve gasket ndi, ndi mtundu wanji komanso momwe chimagwirira ntchito, komanso kusankha kwake kolondola ndikusintha, werengani nkhaniyi.
Kodi chivundikiro cha valve ndi chiyani?
Chivundikiro cha valve gasket (chivundikiro cha cylinder head cover) ndi chinthu chosindikizira cha injini zoyatsira mkati zomwe zimakhala ndi mavavu apamwamba a makina ogawa gasi;Elastic gasket kuti asindikize voliyumu yophimbidwa ndi chivundikiro chamutu cha silinda chomwe chimayikidwa pamutu wa silinda.
Chivundikiro chamutu cha silinda chimagwira ntchito zingapo:
- Kuonetsetsa kulimba kwa chivindikiro kumutu;
- Kusindikiza voliyumu yophimbidwa ndi chivindikiro kuti mafuta asatayike;
- Kuteteza magawo a valve ndi mafuta kuti asaipitsidwe (kuchokera ku dothi, fumbi, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, etc.).
Gasket ya chivundikiro cha valve si gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya injini - popanda izo, mphamvu yamagetsi idzagwira ntchito kwathunthu.Komabe, zimatsimikizira ukhondo wa injini, chitetezo chake chamoto (kupewa kutuluka kwa mafuta ndikuchiyika pazigawo zotentha - kutulutsa kotulutsa ndi zina) komanso kukonza mosavuta.Kuphatikiza apo, gasket imathandizira kukhalabe aukhondo komanso mawonekedwe amafuta a injini.Choncho, ngati kutuluka pansi kukuwonekera pansi pa chivundikirocho, gasket iyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo kuti mupange chisankho choyenera, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi makhalidwe a zigawozi.
Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a ma valve ophimba ma gaskets
Mosasamala mtundu, ma gaskets onse ophimba ma valve ali ndi chipangizo chomwecho.Ichi ndi gawo lathyathyathya zotanuka lomwe limabwereza mawonekedwe a ndege yomatira pachivundikiro kumutu wa silinda, ndipo imakhala ndi mabowo a zomangira ndi mbali zina.Gasket imayikidwa pansi pa chivundikirocho, ndipo chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake, imasindikiza kusiyana pakati pa chivindikiro ndi mutu wa silinda (kudzaza zolakwika zazing'ono ndi kubweza zopotoka zazing'ono za malo awo ozungulira ndege), kuonetsetsa kusindikizidwa kwake.
Pankhaniyi, ma gaskets amatha kukhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana:
● Yonse (yosasiya) - gasket annular kapena gasket ya mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, pansi pa zophimba za injini zokhala ndi ma camshafts awiri pamutu wa silinda) popanda zopuma, zomwe zimangoikidwa pansi pa chivundikirocho;
● Composite - gasket yokhala ndi mipata ndi kuikapo kuti asindikize cholowera cha camshaft kapena mbali zina;
● Kumaliza - kuwonjezera pa gasket yaikulu, zidazo zikhoza kuphatikizapo zisindikizo za O-ring za zitsime za makandulo ndi mabowo ena mu chivindikiro.
Vavu chivundikiro ndi gasket ndi malo awo mu mphamvu unit
Vavu chivundikiro gaskets akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu ingapo malinga ndi zinthu kupanga ndi applicability ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yamphamvu mutu.
Malinga ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi gaskets ndi:
● Mpira;
● Rubber-cork;
● Paronite;
● Makatoni.
Mtundu woyamba wa mankhwala amapangidwa pamaziko a mphira wosagwira kutentha ndi mafuta, omwe amasinthidwa ndi zowonjezera ndi vulcanization wotsatira.
Chivundikiro cha valve ya rabara ya gasket
Gasket ya rabara imapangidwa kuchokera kumagulu osiyanasiyana a mphira, ndiyo zotanuka kwambiri, komabe, chifukwa cha zofooka za zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa, zimatha kusintha kwambiri mawonekedwe ake pakusintha kwa kutentha (kufewetsa kutentha kwambiri, kumakhala kocheperako kuzizira. ) ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba kwambiri.
Ma gaskets opangidwa ndi mphira amapangidwa pamaziko a mphira, komwe granular cork kapena ma porous fillers amawonjezeredwa.Zinthu zoterezi zimapereka digiri yapamwamba ya kusindikiza ndi kudzipatula kugwedezeka, koma ma gaskets opangidwa ndi izo ndi ovuta kwambiri pa khalidwe la kuika ndi kuyika chivundikirocho, nthawi zambiri amafunikira chithandizo chowonjezera ndi sealant yamadzimadzi ndikukhala ndi moyo wochepa wa utumiki.
Chivundikiro cha valavu ya mphira pulagi gasket
Ma gaskets a Paronite amapangidwa ndi paronite, chinthu chopangidwa ndi mphira chokhala ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zamchere, zomwe zimapangidwira komanso kutenthedwa.Paronite ikhoza kukhala yopanda asibesitosi komanso yopanda asibesitosi, koma masiku ano opanga akusiya kugwiritsa ntchito asibesitosi potengera zinthu zotetezeka.Komanso, paronite gaskets akhoza kukhala wamba unreinforced ndi kulimbikitsidwa ndi zitsulo waya, woonda perforated malata, etc. Ndi paronite gaskets wa yamphamvu chimakwirira mutu amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano chifukwa cha kudalirika mkulu, kukana zisonkhezero zoipa ndi makhalidwe abwino kusindikiza.
Makhadi a makatoni amapangidwa ndi mapepala apadera a mapepala okhuthala omwe adakonzedwa kuti athe kukana mafuta, mafuta, madzi ndi zina zoipa.Ma gaskets awa ndi otsika mtengo, koma ndi odalirika kwambiri, choncho lero amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa injini zosavuta.
Malingana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa gasket ya zophimba za valve, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
● Kwa mitu ya silinda wamba - mu-line ndi V-mainjini okhala ndi mutu wamba ndi chivundikiro cha zonse kapena mzere umodzi wa masilinda;
● Kwa mitu ya silinda yosiyana - m'mainjini okhala ndi mitu yamunthu payekha ndi zovundikira pa silinda iliyonse.
Mwamapangidwe, ma gaskets a mitu wamba komanso yosiyana samasiyana, amangokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana azophimba zofananira.
Ma gaskets ophimba mutu wa silinda amapangidwa molingana ndi miyezo ya opanga makina, ndipo amathanso kutsatira miyezo yapakhomo GOST 481-80, GOST 15180-86 ndi ena.
Nkhani zakusankha ndikusintha kwa chivundikiro cha valve gasket
Gasket yophimba ma valve ndi gawo lofunikira, koma imakhala yochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri imafuna kusinthidwa.Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwa gasket kumachitika pazifukwa izi:
● Kuwoneka kwa mafuta akutuluka pansi pa chivindikiro (izi zimasonyeza kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa gasket chifukwa cha makina ndi mankhwala, kapena chifukwa cha ukalamba wachilengedwe);
● Ndi kukonza kulikonse kwa njira yogawa gasi;
● Ngati kukonzanso kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kapena kusinthidwa kwa zigawo zake kapena magulu - mutu wa silinda, zophimba za valve ndi zina;
● Ndi kukonza kwachizoloŵezi, ngati kumaperekedwa ndi wopanga injini.
M'malo mwake, muyenera kusankha gasket yopangidwira mtundu uwu ndi mtundu wamagetsi, chifukwa magawo a injini zina sizingafanane ndi kukula ndi kasinthidwe.Komabe, pali zosankha posankha zinthu zopangira gasket.Kwa magalimoto atsopano pansi pa chitsimikizo, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito gasket yopangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi wopanga, pamenepa, m'malo mwa gawolo liyenera kudaliridwa kwa akatswiri okha.
Kwa magalimoto ena, mutha kusankha gasket yopangidwa ndi mphira, paronite kapena choyimitsa mphira - kwenikweni, ma gaskets amakono amapangidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe, kotero onse ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.Zowona, apa muyenera kukumbukira za mphamvu zamphamvu komanso kumasuka kwa kukhazikitsa ma gaskets opangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.Mwachitsanzo, ma gaskets a paronite ndi okhwima kwambiri, choncho ndi osavuta kuyika, ndipo zinthu za mphira za mphira, m'malo mwake, zimakhala zopunduka komanso zong'ambika, kotero kuyika kwawo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumafuna chisamaliro chapadera.
M'malo mwa yamphamvu mutu chivundikiro gasket ayenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo kukonza galimoto.Kawirikawiri, ntchito iyi imachokera ku zotsatirazi:
1.Dismantle zida zomwe zimalepheretsa kupeza chivundikiro cha valve - chotsani fyuluta, chotsani mapaipi osiyanasiyana;
2.Chotsani chophimba, chotsani gasket yakale, yeretsani malo odzaza chivundikiro ndi mutu wa silinda;
3.Ikani gasket yatsopano;
4.Ikani chivundikirocho, sungani ma bolts mwadongosolo loyenera - kudutsa kuchokera pakati mpaka m'mphepete.
Pakuyika mitundu ina ya ma gaskets, pangakhale kofunikira kutsitsa pamwamba pamutu wa silinda ndi chivundikiro, ndipo mutatha kuyika, yambitsani zosindikizira m'malo ena (kapena kuchitira nawo gawo limodzi) - izi zikuwonetsedwa mwachindunji. malangizo.Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kusinthidwa kwa gasket, ikayikidwa popanda kupotoza pakulimbitsa ma bolts ndipo popanda zolakwika zina, voliyumu pansi pa chivundikirocho idzasindikizidwa modalirika, kotero injiniyo idzakhalabe yoyera, ndipo makina a valve adzakhala otetezeka. kutetezedwa ku zisonkhezero zoipa zosiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-26-2023