Kutumiza ndi kusintha kwa torque mu gearbox kumachitika ndi magiya amitundu yosiyanasiyana.Magiya a gearbox amasonkhanitsidwa muzomwe zimatchedwa midadada - werengani za midadada ya mabokosi, kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito, komanso kukonza ndi kukonza, m'nkhaniyi.
Cholinga cha midadada ya zida ndi malo awo mu gearbox
Ngakhale kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma transmissions odziwikiratu, kutumiza kwapamanja (kapena pamanja) sikutaya kutchuka kwawo komanso kufunika kwake.Chifukwa chake ndi chosavuta - kutumiza kwamanja kumakhala kosavuta pamapangidwe, odalirika komanso kupereka mwayi wokwanira woyendetsa.Komanso, mabokosi amakina ndi osavuta kukonza ndi kukonza.
Monga mukudziwira, pamayendedwe amanja, ma shaft okhala ndi magiya amitundu yosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha makokedwe, omwe amatha kuchitana wina ndi mnzake.Mukamasuntha magiya, magiya amodzi kapena awiri amapangidwa, ndipo kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma diameter awo (ndi kuchuluka kwa mano), torque yomwe imabwera ku ma axles agalimoto imasintha.Kuchuluka kwa magiya omwe ali mu gearbox yamagalimoto ndi magalimoto amatha kuyambira anayi (m'mabokosi akale a 3-liwiro) mpaka asanu ndi awiri (m'mabokosi amakono a 6-liwiro), pomwe awiriwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera zida zosinthira.M'mabokosi a mathirakitala ndi makina osiyanasiyana a makina apadera, chiwerengero cha magiya amatha kufika khumi ndi awiri kapena kuposerapo.
Magiya omwe ali m'bokosi ali pamiyendo (momasuka kapena mosasunthika, izi zafotokozedwa pansipa), ndikuwonjezera kudalirika ndi kuphweka kamangidwe kake, magiya ena amasonkhanitsidwa mumtundu umodzi - chipika cha magiya.
Chotchinga cha gearbox ndi gawo limodzi la magiya awiri kapena kupitilira apo omwe amazungulira pa liwiro lomwelo lamakona panthawi yomwe bokosi likugwira ntchito.Kuphatikiza magiya kukhala midadada kumachitika pazifukwa zingapo:
- Kuphweka kwa mapangidwe a bokosi ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Popeza giya imodzi imayenera kupereka zomangira zake ndikuyendetsa, kuphatikiza mu chipika kumapangitsa magawo osiyana pa zida zilizonse kukhala zosafunikira;
- Kupititsa patsogolo kupanga kwa magawo a gearbox;
- Kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kwa kufalitsa (kachiwiri pochepetsa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kuphweka mapangidwe).
Komabe, midadada ya gear ili ndi drawback imodzi: ngati imodzi mwa magiya itasweka, muyenera kusintha chipika chonsecho.Inde, izi zimawonjezera mtengo wokonza, koma njira yotereyi imalipira nthawi zambiri pazifukwa zomwe tafotokozazi.
Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yomwe ilipo komanso mawonekedwe apangidwe a midadada ya zida zotumizira.
Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a ma block blocks
Zotchingira zida zitha kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi kuthekera komanso cholinga:
- Mipiringidzo yapakatikati ya shaft;
- Zotchinga (zachiwiri) shaft gear block;
- Bwezerani zitsulo za gear.
Pankhaniyi, shaft (choyamba) shaft nthawi zambiri imapangidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi zida, kotero kuti chotchinga chosiyana sichimawonekera.
Mitsinje yapakatikati ya KP imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri kutengera kapangidwe ka midadada yamagetsi:
- Zolimba - magiya ndi shaft zimapanga gawo limodzi;
- Typesetting - midadada ya gear ndi shaft ndi magawo odziyimira pawokha, ophatikizidwa kukhala chinthu chimodzi.
Pachiyambi choyamba, shaft ndi magiya amapangidwa ndi ntchito yofanana, choncho ndi gawo limodzi losasiyanitsidwa.Mitsinje yotereyi ndi yofala kwambiri, popeza ili ndi mapangidwe osavuta komanso otsika mtengo.Munthawi yachiwiri, kapangidwe kake kamasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku shaft ndikuyikapo zida ziwiri kapena zitatu kapena kupitilira apo.Koma mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, midadada ya gear pa countershaft imazungulira yonse.
Ma shafts oyendetsedwa (achiwiri) amangoyika zolemba zokha, ndipo midadada yamagetsi imatha kuzungulira momasuka patsinde - imakhazikitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi ma couplings pokhapokha posinthira zida zinazake.Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka kaphatikizidwe kakatundu, midadada yoyendetsedwa ndi shaft ilibe magiya opitilira 2, ndipo nthawi zambiri awa ndi magiya oyandikira.Mwachitsanzo, magiya 1 ndi 2, 3 ndi 4 magiya, komanso magiya 2 ndi 3 (ngati giya 1 giya ili payokha), etc., akhoza pamodzi midadada.Nthawi yomweyo, mu magalimoto 5-speed manual transmissions, gear ya 5 siteji ikuchitika mosiyana, popeza giya 4 nthawi zambiri imakhala yowongoka ndipo ikayatsidwa, shaft yapakatikati "imazimitsidwa" kuchokera ku gearbox (mu. Pachifukwa ichi, kutuluka kwa torque kumachokera ku shaft pa kapolo).
Magiya osinthira nthawi zonse amakhala ndi magiya awiri okha, amodzi omwe amalumikizana ndi zida zinazake zoyeserera ndipo yachiwiri ndi zida zachiwiri.Chifukwa cha kugwirizana uku, kutuluka kwa torque kumatembenuzidwa ndipo galimoto ikhoza kusinthidwa.
Ma midadada onse a gearbox ali ndi mapangidwe ofanana - amapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chimodzi chachitsulo, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ndi zina zowonjezera zomangirira ku shaft kapena kugwirizanitsa ndi zolumikizira, komanso kukhazikitsa mayendedwe.Gearbox imagwiritsa ntchito magiya a helical komanso magiya wamba a spur.M'mabokosi amakono, zida za helical zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimapanga phokoso lochepa pogwira ntchito.Komabe, magiya am'mbuyo nthawi zambiri amachitidwa mwachangu, chifukwa amagwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri ndipo phokoso silikhala lofunikira kwa iwo.Mumayendedwe akale akale, magiya onse kapena pafupifupi onse amakhala othamanga.
Ma giya amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zina, chifukwa amakumana ndi katundu wambiri akamagwira ntchito.Komanso, mwamapangidwe, midadada ya gear ndi zigawo zazikulu komanso zazikulu zomwe zimapirira bwino kugwedezeka ndi makina ena, komanso katundu wotentha.Koma ngakhale izi, midadada zida amafuna kukonzedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kapena m'malo.
Nkhani zokonzanso ndikusintha ma block block
Ma giya blocks amagwira ntchito molimba, kotero zovuta zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuchitika pakapita nthawi.Choyamba, magiya amadziwika ndi kuvala kwa dzino, zomwe, kwenikweni, sizingalephereke.Ndi kuyendetsa bwino kwagalimoto, kuvala kwa midadada ya giya sikovuta kwambiri, kotero kumatha kugwira ntchito kwazaka zambiri, ndipo m'malo mwa magawowa chifukwa cha kuvala sikofunikira kwenikweni.
Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chosinthira magiya ndikusintha kwawo, kusweka, kusweka ndi kung'ambika kwa mano, kapena kuwononga kwathunthu (komwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito gearbox yokhala ndi mano osweka).Zowonongeka zonsezi zimawonetseredwa ndi phokoso lowonjezereka la gearbox, maonekedwe a phokoso lakunja, kugaya kapena kugwedeza panthawi ya ntchito ndi giya, komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa gearbox mu gear imodzi kapena zingapo.Muzochitika zonsezi, gearbox iyenera kukonzedwa ndipo chipika cha gear chiyenera kusinthidwa.Sitidzaganiziranso ndondomeko yokonzekera pano, chifukwa zimatengera mtundu ndi chitsanzo cha bokosilo, kufotokozera kwathunthu kungapezeke mu malangizo okonza ndi kukonza galimoto.
Kutalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa midadada ya zida ndi bokosi lonse, kukonzanso kwanthawi zonse kuyenera kuchitika, komanso kuyendetsa galimotoyo mosamala komanso mwaluso - kuyatsa ndikuzimitsa magiya molondola, kuyendetsa pa liwiro loyenera pazomwe zikuchitika, ndi zina zambiri. .
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-27-2023