Galimoto yamakono iliyonse imakhala ndi jenereta yamagetsi yomwe imapanga zamakono kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi ndi zipangizo zake zonse.Chimodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu za jenereta ndi stator yokhazikika.Werengani za zomwe stator ya jenereta ili, momwe imagwirira ntchito ndikugwira ntchito m'nkhaniyi.
Cholinga cha jenereta stator
M'magalimoto amakono ndi magalimoto ena, ma synchronous atatu-phase alternators ndi kudzikonda okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Jenereta wamba imakhala ndi stator yokhazikika yokhazikika m'nyumba, rotor yokhala ndi mafunde osangalatsa, gulu la burashi (lomwe limapereka magetsi kumunda wokhotakhota), ndi chowongolera.Zigawo zonse zimasonkhanitsidwa kuti zikhale zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimayikidwa pa injini ndipo zimakhala ndi lamba woyendetsa kuchokera ku crankshaft.
The stator ndi gawo lokhazikika la alternator yamagalimoto yomwe imanyamula mafunde ogwirira ntchito.Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito jenereta, ndi mu ma stator windings kuti magetsi amachokera, omwe amatembenuzidwa (kukonzedwa) ndikudyetsedwa mu intaneti.
Jenereta stator ili ndi ntchito zingapo:
• Imanyamula chotchingira chomwe chimagwira ntchito momwe magetsi amapangidwira;
• Imagwira ntchito ya chiwalo cha thupi kuti igwirizane ndi mafunde ogwirira ntchito;
• Amagwira ntchito yozungulira maginito kuti awonjezere inductance ya mafunde ogwirira ntchito komanso kugawa koyenera kwa mizere ya maginito;
• Imagwira ntchito ngati sinki yotenthetsera - imachotsa kutentha kwambiri ku ma windings.
Ma stator onse ali ndi mapangidwe ofanana ndipo samasiyana m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mapangidwe a jenereta stator
Mwadongosolo, stator imakhala ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu:
• Pakatikati pa mphete;
• Mapiritsi ogwira ntchito (ma windings);
• Kuteteza kwa ma windings.
Pakatikati pake amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mbale zachitsulo zokhala ndi grooves mkati.Phukusi limapangidwa kuchokera ku mbale, kulimba ndi kulimba kwa kapangidwe kameneka kumaperekedwa ndi kuwotcherera kapena riveting.Pakatikati, ma grooves amapangidwa kuti aziyika ma windings, ndipo kufalikira kulikonse ndi goli (pachimake) chokhotakhota.Pakatikati pake amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mbale zokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.8-1 mm, opangidwa ndi magiredi apadera achitsulo kapena ma ferroalloys okhala ndi maginito ena.Pakhoza kukhala zipsepse kunja kwa stator kuti apititse patsogolo kutentha, komanso ma grooves osiyanasiyana kapena malo osungiramo doko ndi nyumba ya jenereta.
Majenereta a magawo atatu amagwiritsa ntchito ma windings atatu, amodzi pagawo lililonse.Aliyense mapiringidzo amapangidwa ndi mkuwa insulated waya lalikulu mtanda gawo (ndi awiri a 0,9 kuti 2 mm kapena kuposa), amene anaika mu dongosolo linalake mu grooves pachimake.Mapiritsiwa amakhala ndi ma terminals omwe ma alternating current amachotsedwa, nthawi zambiri chiwerengero cha zikhomo ndi zitatu kapena zinayi, koma pali ma stators omwe ali ndi ma terminals asanu ndi limodzi (aliyense mwa ma windings atatuwa ali ndi malo ake opangira maulumikizidwe amtundu umodzi kapena wina).
Mu grooves ya pachimake pali insulating zinthu zomwe zimateteza kutchinjiriza wa waya kuti chiwonongeke.Komanso, mumitundu ina ya ma stator, ma wedges otsekereza amatha kulowetsedwa m'mizere, yomwe imagwiranso ntchito ngati chokonzera makhoti okhotakhota.Msonkhano wa stator ukhoza kuphatikizidwanso ndi ma epoxy resins kapena ma varnish, omwe amatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa kapangidwe kake (kulepheretsa kutembenuka) ndikuwongolera mphamvu zake zotchingira magetsi.
Stator imayikidwa mwamphamvu m'nyumba ya jenereta, ndipo masiku ano mapangidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi momwe stator core imagwira ntchito ngati gawo la thupi.Izi zimayendetsedwa mophweka: stator imamangiriridwa pakati pa zivundikiro ziwiri za nyumba ya jenereta, yomwe imamangirizidwa ndi ma studs - "sangweji" yotereyi imakulolani kuti mupange mapangidwe osakanikirana ndi kuzizira koyenera komanso kosavuta kukonza.Mapangidwewo ndi otchuka, momwe stator imaphatikizidwa ndi chivundikiro cha kutsogolo kwa jenereta, ndipo chivundikiro chakumbuyo chimachotsedwa ndipo chimapereka mwayi wopita ku rotor, stator ndi mbali zina.
Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a stators
Ma stators a jenereta amasiyana ndi chiwerengero ndi mawonekedwe a grooves, chiwembu choyika ma windings mu grooves, chithunzi cha mawaya a windings ndi makhalidwe a magetsi.
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma grooves okhotakhota, ma stators ali amitundu iwiri:
• Ndi mipata 18;
• Ndi mipata 36.
Masiku ano, mapangidwe a 36-slot ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa amapereka magetsi abwino.Majenereta okhala ndi ma stators okhala ndi 18 grooves lero angapezeke pamagalimoto ena apanyumba omwe amatulutsidwa koyambirira.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a grooves, stators ali amitundu itatu:
• Ndi ma grooves otseguka - ma grooves a rectangular cross-gawo, amafunikira kukonza kowonjezera kwa matembenuzidwe okhotakhota;
• Ndi ma grooves otsekeka (oboola ngati wedge) - ma grooves amawongoleredwa m'mwamba, kotero kuti mazenera okhotakhota amakhazikika mwa kuyika ma insulating wedges kapena cambrics (PVC tubes);
• Ndi theka-otsekedwa grooves kwa ma windings ndi imodzi-kutembenukira coils - grooves ndi zovuta mtanda gawo kwa kuyala imodzi kapena ziwiri kutembenukira lalikulu m'mimba mwake waya kapena waya mu mawonekedwe a lonse tepi.
Malinga ndi dongosolo loyikirako, ma stators ali amitundu itatu:
• Ndi kuzungulira (kuzungulira kugawidwa) dera - waya wa mafunde aliwonse amayikidwa muzitsulo zapachimake ndi malupu (kawirikawiri kutembenuka kumodzi kumayikidwa mu increments of two grooves, kutembenuka kwachiwiri ndi chachitatu windings amayikidwa mu grooves awa. - kotero ma windings amapeza kusintha kofunikira kuti apange njira yosinthira magawo atatu);
• Ndi mafunde ozungulira kuzungulira - waya wa mafunde aliwonse amayikidwa mu grooves mu mafunde, kuwadutsa kuchokera mbali imodzi kupita ku imzake, ndipo mu groove iliyonse pali maulendo awiri a mphepo imodzi yolunjika mbali imodzi;
• Ndi mafunde omwe amagawidwa dera - waya amayikidwanso m'mafunde, koma kutembenuka kwa mphepo imodzi mu grooves kumayendetsedwa mosiyanasiyana.
Pamtundu uliwonse wa stacking, makhoti aliwonse amakhala ndi matembenuzidwe asanu ndi limodzi omwe amagawidwa pachimake.
Mosasamala kanthu za njira yoyika waya, pali njira ziwiri zolumikizira ma windings:
• "Nyenyezi" - pankhaniyi, ma windings amalumikizidwa mofanana (mapeto a ma windings onse atatu amalumikizidwa pa mfundo imodzi (zero), ndipo mapeto awo oyambirira ndi aulere);
• "Triangle" - pamenepa, ma windings amagwirizanitsidwa mndandanda (chiyambi cha kugwedezeka kumodzi ndi mapeto a wina).
Pogwirizanitsa ma windings ndi "nyenyezi", mphepo yamkuntho ikuwoneka, derali limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa majenereta omwe ali ndi mphamvu zosapitirira 1000 Watts, zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino pamtunda wochepa.Mukalumikiza ma windings ndi "triangle", yapano imachepetsedwa (nthawi 1.7 poyerekeza ndi "nyenyezi"), komabe, majenereta omwe ali ndi ndondomeko yotereyi amagwira ntchito bwino pa mphamvu zazikulu, ndipo woyendetsa gawo laling'ono akhoza kukhala. zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyendo yawo.
Nthawi zambiri, m'malo mwa "katatu", dera la "double star" limagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe stator sayenera kukhala ndi atatu, koma ma windings asanu ndi limodzi - maulendo atatu amalumikizidwa ndi "nyenyezi", ndipo "nyenyezi" ziwiri zimagwirizanitsidwa. katundu molumikizana.
Pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito, kwa stators, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi voliyumu yovoteledwa, mphamvu ndi kuvoteredwa kwapano mu ma windings.Malinga ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, ma stators (ndi ma jenereta) amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
• Ndi magetsi othamanga a 14 V - kwa magalimoto omwe ali ndi voteji yamagetsi a 12 V;
• Ndi voteji mu ma windings a 28 V - pazida zokhala ndi voteji pa bolodi la 24 V.
Jenereta imapanga magetsi apamwamba, chifukwa kutsika kwa voteji kumachitika mosalekeza mu rectifier ndi stabilizer, ndipo pakhomo la gululi yamagetsi, mphamvu yowonongeka ya 12 kapena 24 V ikuwoneka kale.
Majenereta ambiri amagalimoto, mathirakitala, mabasi ndi zida zina ali ndi zida zovotera za 20 mpaka 60 A, 30-35 A ndizokwanira magalimoto, 50-60 A yamagalimoto, ma jenereta okhala ndi mphamvu mpaka 150 kapena kupitilira apo amapangidwa. kwa zida zolemera.
Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito ya Jenereta Stator
Kugwira ntchito kwa stator ndi jenereta yonse kumachokera ku zochitika za electromagnetic induction - kupezeka kwamakono mu kondakitala yomwe imayenda mu mphamvu ya maginito kapena kupumula mu mphamvu ya maginito.M'majenereta agalimoto, mfundo yachiwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito - kondakitala yomwe imatuluka pano ndi kupuma, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito imasintha nthawi zonse (yozungulira).
Injini ikayamba, rotor ya jenereta imayamba kuzungulira, nthawi yomweyo voteji kuchokera ku batri imaperekedwa kumayendedwe ake osangalatsa.Rotor ili ndi chitsulo chachitsulo chamitundu yambiri, chomwe, pamene chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo, chimakhala maginito amagetsi, motero, rotor yozungulira imapanga maginito osinthasintha.Mizere yamunda wamtunduwu imadutsana ndi stator yomwe ili mozungulira rotor.Pakatikati pa stator imagawira mphamvu ya maginito mwanjira inayake, mizere yake yamphamvu imadutsa mozungulira ma windings ogwirira ntchito - chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa kwa electromagnetic, maginito amapangidwa mwa iwo, omwe amachotsedwa kumapeto kwa mphepo, amalowa mu rectifier, stabilizer ndi network pa board.
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa injini liwiro, mbali ya panopa kuchokera stator ntchito yokhotakhota amadyetsedwa kwa ozungulira munda mafunde - kotero jenereta amapita mode kudzikonda excitation ndipo safunanso gwero lachitatu chipani panopa.
Panthawi yogwira ntchito, stator ya jenereta imakumana ndi kutentha ndi katundu wamagetsi, ndipo imakhalanso ndi zovuta zowonongeka.M'kupita kwa nthawi, izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa kutsekemera pakati pa ma windings ndi kuwonongeka kwa magetsi.Pankhaniyi, stator iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa kwathunthu.Ndi kukonza nthawi zonse komanso kusinthidwa panthawi yake ya stator, jenereta idzagwira ntchito modalirika, ikupereka galimotoyo mwamphamvu ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-24-2023