Magalimoto ambiri ndi mathirakitala amagwiritsa ntchito utsi, womwe umaphatikizapo zida zothandizira - mapaipi olowera.Werengani zonse za mapaipi olowetsamo, mitundu yawo yomwe ilipo, kapangidwe kake ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kusankha kolondola ndikusintha magawowa m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi chitoliro choyamwa ndi chiyani?
Chitoliro cholowetsa (chitoliro cholowetsa chitoliro) ndi gawo lamagetsi otulutsa mpweya wa injini zoyaka moto;Chitoliro chaching'ono cha mbiri inayake ndi gawo, zomwe zimatsimikizira kulandila kwa mpweya kuchokera kumagetsi opopera kapena turbocharger ndikupereka kwawo kuzinthu zotsatila za dongosolo lotopetsa.
Dongosolo lotulutsa magalimoto ndi zida zina ndi dongosolo la mapaipi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatsimikizira kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya wotentha kuchokera ku injini kupita kumlengalenga ndikuchepetsa phokoso lotulutsa.Pochoka pa injini, mpweya umakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika, kotero chinthu cholimba kwambiri komanso chopanda kutentha chili pano - kutulutsa mpweya wambiri.Mapaipi okhala ndi zomangira lawi lamoto, ma resonator, ma mufflers, neutralizers ndi zinthu zina amachoka kwa osonkhanitsa.Komabe, m'machitidwe ambiri, kuyika kwa mapaipi olowetsa sikuchitika mwachindunji kwa osonkhanitsa, koma kupyolera mu adaputala - chitoliro chachifupi cholowera.
Chitoliro cholowetsa chimathetsa mavuto angapo mu exhaust system:
● Kulandira mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri ndi njira yawo kupita ku chitoliro cholandira;
● Kuzungulira kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya pamakona omwe amapereka malo abwino a zinthu zotsatila za dongosolo;
● Mu mipope ndi kugwedera compensators - kugwedera kudzipatula kwa injini ndi utsi dongosolo.
Chitoliro cholowetsera n'chofunika kuti asindikize dongosolo lotulutsa mpweya ndi ntchito yake yachibadwa, choncho, ngati kuwonongeka kapena kutenthedwa, gawoli liyenera kusinthidwa mwamsanga.Ndipo posankha bwino chitoliro, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a magawowa.
Njira yotulutsa mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi olowera
Mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka mapaipi olowera
Tikumbukenso kuti mapaipi kudya si ntchito injini onse - mbali imeneyi nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa unit ya magalimoto, mathirakitala ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapaderazi, ndi pa magalimoto onyamula, kulandira mapaipi masanjidwe osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.Mapaipi olowera ndi osavuta pamakina otulutsa a injini zamphamvu, pomwe pamafunika kutulutsa kosavuta kwa mpweya kuchokera kumagetsi opopera kapena turbocharger pamalo otsekeka.Choncho pokonza dongosolo, choyamba muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti pali chitoliro mmenemo, kapena ngati mukufuna chitoliro cholandira.
Mapaipi onse amalowetsedwa amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito:
● Mipope wamba;
● Milomo yophatikizika ndi zolipirira kugwedera.
Mapaipi osavuta amakhala ndi mapangidwe osavuta: ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chowongoka kapena chopindika cha magawo osiyanasiyana, mbali zonse ziwiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mabowo opangira ma studs, mabawuti kapena zomangira zina.Mapaipi owongoka amatha kupangidwa ndi kupondaponda kapena kuchokera kumagulu a chitoliro, mapaipi opindika amapangidwa ndikuwotcherera zopanda kanthu zingapo - makoma odinda mbali ndi mphete zokhala ndi flanges.Nthawi zambiri, ma flanges okwera amapangidwa ngati mphete kapena mbale zomwe zimayikidwa pa chitoliro, kukakamiza kwa chitoliro kupita kumalo okwera (mapaipi, manifold, turbocharger) amaperekedwa ndi ma welded flanges ang'onoang'ono.Palinso nozzles popanda kukwera flanges, iwo wokwera ndi kuwotcherera kapena crimping ndi zitsulo clamps.
Ma Nozzles okhala ndi zolumikizira zowonjezera amakhala ndi mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri.Maziko a mapangidwewo ndi chitoliro chachitsulo, kumapeto kwa utsi komwe kuli compensator yogwedezeka, yomwe imapereka kugwedezeka kwapadera kwa zigawo za dongosolo la utsi.Compensator nthawi zambiri welded kwa chitoliro, gawo ili lingakhale la mitundu iwiri:
● Bellows - chitoliro cha malata (chikhoza kukhala chimodzi ndi ziwiri-wosanjikiza, chikhoza kukhala ndi chingwe chakunja ndi chamkati chopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri);
● Chitsulo chachitsulo ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopindika chokhala ndi chingwe chakunja (chikhozanso kukhala ndi mkati).
Mapaipi okhala ndi zolumikizira zowonjezera amakhalanso ndi ma flanges olumikizira, koma zosankha zoyika ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kapena zomangira.
Mapaipi olowera amatha kukhala ndi gawo lokhazikika kapena losinthika.Mapaipi owonjezera amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, momwe, chifukwa cha gawo losinthika, pali kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya.Komanso, zigawozo zitha kukhala ndi mbiri yosiyana:
● Chitoliro chowongoka;
● Chitoliro chopindika cha 30, 45 kapena 90 madigiri.
Ma nozzles owongoka amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina omwe mapindikira ofunikira kuti atembenuzire gasi amaperekedwa m'mapaipi otulutsa komanso / kapena mapaipi otsatira.Mapaipi ang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kutembenuza mpweya wotuluka pansi kapena cham'mbali ndi cham'mbuyo poyerekeza ndi injini.Kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi aang'ono kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga makina otulutsa amasinthidwe ofunikira kuti muyike bwino pamafelemu kapena pansi pagalimoto yamagalimoto.
Chitoliro cholowera ndi mvuvu kugwedera compensator Inlet chitoliro ndi kugwedera
compensator mu mawonekedwe a chitsulo payipi ndi kuluka
Kuyika mapaipi olowera kumachitika pazigawo ziwiri zazikulu za dongosolo lotulutsa mpweya:
● Pakati pa utsi wochuluka, compensator ndi chitoliro cholowetsa;
● Pakati pa turbocharger, compensator ndi chitoliro cholowetsa.
Poyamba, mipweya yotulutsa mpweya kuchokera kwa wokhometsa imalowa mu chitoliro, komwe imatha kuzungulira madigiri 30-90, ndiyeno kudzera pa compensator ya vibration (mivuvu yosiyana kapena payipi yachitsulo) imalowetsedwa mu chitoliro kupita ku muffler. chothandizira, chozimitsa moto, etc.).Chachiwiri, mipweya yotentha yochokera kumitundu yambiri yotulutsa imalowa m'gawo la turbocharger, pomwe imasiya mphamvu zawo pang'ono ndipo kenako imatulutsidwa ku chitoliro cholowera.Chiwembuchi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ambiri ndi zida zina zamagalimoto okhala ndi injini za turbocharged.
Muzochitika zomwe zafotokozedwa, chitoliro cholowetsa chimalumikizidwa ndi mbali yake yotulutsira ku vibration compensator, yopangidwa ngati gawo losiyana ndi ma flanges ake ndi zomangira.Dongosolo loterolo ndi losadalirika komanso losavuta kugwedezeka koopsa, kotero masiku ano mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ophatikizana owonjezera.Njira zawo zolumikizirana ndizofanana ndi zomwe zasonyezedwa pamwambapa, koma alibe zolipiritsa zodziyimira pawokha ndi zomangira zawo.
Kuyika kwa mapaipi kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma studs kapena mabawuti odutsa ma flanges.Kusindikiza kwa mafupa kumachitika ndikuyika ma gaskets opangidwa ndi zinthu zosayaka.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha chitoliro cholowetsa
Chitoliro chotengera cha dongosolo la utsi chimakhala ndi katundu wambiri wotentha komanso wamakina, chifukwa chake, pakugwira ntchito kwagalimoto, ndi magawo awa omwe nthawi zambiri amafunikira kusinthidwa chifukwa cha kupunduka, ming'alu ndi kupsa mtima.Kuwonongeka kwa mipope kumawonetseredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kwa dongosolo la utsi, ndipo nthawi zina ndi kutaya mphamvu kwa injini ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu ya turbocharger (popeza njira yogwiritsira ntchito unit imasokonezedwa).Mapaipi okhala ndi ming'alu, zowotcha ndi zosweka (kuphatikiza kulephera kwa ma compensators ophatikizika amanjenje) ayenera kusinthidwa.
Kuti mulowe m'malo, muyenera kusankha chitoliro chamtundu womwewo (nambala yamakatale) yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale.Komabe, ngati kuli kofunikira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma analogues, malinga ngati amagwirizana kwathunthu ndi gawo loyambirira potengera kukula kwa unsembe ndi magawo.Ngati mipope yosiyana ndi zolumikizira zowonjezera zidayikidwa pagalimoto, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito magawo omwewo m'malo, komabe, ngati kuli kofunikira, amatha kusinthidwa ndi mapaipi okhala ndi compensator yophatikizika.Kubwezeretsanso ndikovomerezeka, koma sikungachitike nthawi zonse, chifukwa pakadali pano muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira ndi zisindikizo zina, pakuyika komwe sikungakhale malo aulere.
Kusintha kwa chitoliro kumachitika motsatira malangizo a kukonza galimotoyo.Kawirikawiri, ntchitoyi imachitika mophweka: ndikwanira kumasula chitoliro (kapena compensator) ku chitoliro, ndiyeno chotsani chitolirocho kuchokera pamitundu yambiri / turbocharger.Komabe, ntchitozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta chifukwa cha mtedza wowawasa kapena ma bolts, omwe amayenera kung'ambika mothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera.Mukayika chitoliro chatsopano, zinthu zonse zosindikizidwa zoperekedwa (ma gaskets) ziyeneranso kuikidwa, mwinamwake dongosololi silidzasindikizidwa.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kulowetsa chitoliro cholowetsa, makina otulutsa mpweya adzachita ntchito zake modalirika m'njira zonse zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-14-2023