Pakutumiza kwa magalimoto a KAMAZ, ma interaxle ndi ma axle amaperekedwa, pomwe malo apakati amakhala ndi mitanda.Phunzirani za mtanda ndi chiyani, ndi mitundu yanji, momwe umagwirira ntchito komanso ntchito zomwe umagwira, komanso kusankha ndikusintha magawowa m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi mtanda wa KAMAZ ndi chiyani?
Mtanda wa kusiyana kwa KAMAZ ndi gawo lapakati ndi kusiyana kwa ma axle oyendetsa magalimoto a KAMAZ;Gawo la cruciform lomwe limakhala ngati nkhwangwa za magiya a satana.
Mtanda ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za mitundu yonse ya masiyanidwe - onse cross-axle, ili m'mabokosi a gearbox onse ma axle galimoto, ndi inter-axle, wokwera pa chitsulo chapakatikati.Gawoli lili ndi ntchito zingapo:
● Kuchita ngati ma axles a ma satellites osiyanitsa - magiya amayikidwa pazitsulo za mtanda ndikuzungulira momasuka;
● Kuyika pakati pa zigawo zokwerera za kusiyana - ma satelayiti ndi magiya a ma axle shafts;
● Kutumiza kwa torque kuchokera ku nyumba zosiyana kupita ku ma satellites ndikupita ku magiya a ma axle shafts (m'mitundu ina ya mayunitsiwa, torque imaperekedwa mwachindunji kupyolera mu crosspiece);
● Kugawa kofanana kwa katundu pazitsulo zazitsulo za axle - izi zimachepetsa katundu wa zida zonse, kuwonjezera moyo wawo wautumiki ndi kudalirika pazitsulo zazikulu;
● Mafuta opaka ku tchire (plain bearings) za satellite.
Mkhalidwe wa mtanda umadalira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a masiyanidwe, mphamvu yotumizira ma torque komanso kudalirika.Mtanda wolakwika uyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa, koma musanagule gawo latsopano, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu ya mitanda ya KAMAZ, mawonekedwe awo ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
Mitundu, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a mitanda yosiyana ya KAMAZ
Mitanda yonse ya KAMAZ imagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu malinga ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito:
● mitanda yosiyana ya ma axle (ma gearbox a giya);
● Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapakati.
Mitanda yamtundu woyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito posiyanitsa ma gearbox a ma axles onse oyendetsa - kutsogolo, apakatikati (ngati alipo) ndi kumbuyo.Apa, gawo ili limatsimikizira kugawidwa kwa torque pakati pa ma axle shafts pa liwiro losagwirizana la mawilo akumanja ndi kumanzere.
Kuphatikizika kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ma satelayiti
Mitanda yamtundu wachiwiri ndi gawo lofunikira la masiyanidwe apakati omwe amangoyikidwa pama axle apakatikati agalimoto okhala ndi ma wheel formula 6 × 4 ndi 6 × 6, ndikutumiza mwachindunji ma torque kupita ku ma axles apakatikati ndi kumbuyo (popanda chotengera).Apa, gawo ili limatsimikizira kugawidwa kwa torque pakati pa ma axles apakatikati ndi akumbuyo pa liwiro losagwirizana la kuzungulira kwa mawilo awo.
Mitanda yamitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi mapangidwe ofanana.Ichi ndi gawo lolimba lomwe magawo awiri amatha kusiyanitsa: mphete yapakati (chikatikati), mozungulira pomwe ma spikes anayi amakhala ofananira.Bowo lomwe lili pakhoma limathandizira kuyika gawolo ndikuliwongolera, ndipo pakati pa masiyanidwe apakati, shaft yakumbuyo imadutsamo.Magiya a satelayiti ndi ma washer othandizira amayikidwa pa spikes kudzera m'matchire, kuletsa kulumikizana kwachindunji kwa ma satelayiti ndi makina a makapu osiyanitsa anyumba.
Ma spikes amakhala ndi gawo losinthika: m'mbali zomwe zimayang'ana pakati pa mtanda, dazi limachotsedwa mulingo womwewo ndi ndege yapakati pa mtanda.Ma Lysks amatsimikizira kutuluka kwa mafuta kupita ku zitsamba za ma satelayiti ndikuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuchokera kwa iwo.Mabowo akhungu akuya osaya nthawi zambiri amabowoleredwa kumapeto kwa spikes, zomwe zimathandizira kukonza gawolo.Komanso, ma chamfers amachotsedwa kumapeto kuti akhazikitse mtanda mu nyumba zosiyana.The awiri a studs wa mitanda kusiyana KAMAZ mtanda ndi chitsulo cholumikizira ndi 28.0-28.11 mamilimita, m'mimba mwake wa studs wa mitanda kusiyana lagona mu osiyanasiyana 21.8-21.96 mm.
Mitanda yonse imapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamakalasi a 15X, 18X, 20X ndi ena ndi kupondaponda kotentha (kumanga) ndikutsatiridwa ndi kutembenuka, pamwamba pa zipilala za zigawo zomalizidwa zimatenthedwa ndi kutentha (carburizing mozama 1.2 mm, kuzimitsa ndi sequent tempering) kuti mukwaniritse kuuma kofunikira komanso kukana kuvala kwa abrasive.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mitanda ya kusiyana pakati pa magalimoto a KAMAZ:
● Ndi dzenje losalala lapakati;
● Ndi malo olowera.
Magawo amtundu woyamba ali ndi mapangidwe omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito posiyanitsa pakati, opangidwa molingana ndi dongosolo lachikale - ndi kusamutsa torque kuchokera ku shaft ya propeller kupita ku nyumba yosiyana, yomwe mtanda umalumikizidwa mwamphamvu.Magawo amtundu wachiwiri amakhala ndi chiwongolero chowonjezereka, mkati mwake momwe ma longitudinal splines amapangidwa.Mitanda iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtundu watsopano (yokhazikitsidwa pagalimoto zotayira za KAMAZ-6520 ndikusintha kutengera iwo kuyambira 2009) - ndi kusamutsa torque kuchokera ku shaft ya propeller kupita ku crosspiece.Kusiyanitsa kwamtunduwu kumakhala kocheperako komanso kosavuta, koma mwa iwo mtandawo umakhala wolemetsa kwambiri, kotero kuti zofunika kwambiri zimayikidwa pamapangidwe awo ndi mtundu wawo.
Center kusiyana KAMAZ-6520 msonkhano
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma D-pads muzosiyana ndikosavuta.Pakusiyana kwa ma axle, imangokhala ngati ma axle a ma satelayiti.Mtanda umayikidwa mwamphamvu pakati pa mbale zosiyanitsira nyumba, zomwe, nazonso, zimayikidwa mkati mwa zida zoyendetsedwa ndi zida zazikulu.Magiya akamazungulira, kusiyanitsa kumazungulira nthawi yomweyo, ma satelayiti omwe amamangiriridwa pamtanda, omwe amalumikizana ndi magiya a ma axle shafts, kuwabweretsa mozungulira, kuwonetsetsa kufalikira kwa torque kumawilo oyendetsa.Akamakwera pamakona kapena kuyendetsa galimoto m'misewu yonyowa, ma satelayiti amazungulira pazipilala za crosspiece, kupereka mawilo osiyanasiyana.
Pakatikati, mitanda imagwira ntchito zofanana, koma mothandizidwa ndi torque imagawidwa pakati pa ma axles oyendetsa.
Nkhani zakusankha ndikusintha mitanda yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya KAMAZ
Mitanda yosiyana imayang'aniridwa ndi katundu wambiri panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto, choncho pakapita nthawi imatha ndikuwonongeka.Chikhalidwe cha gawoli chimayang'aniridwa panthawi yokonza chizolowezi kapena panthawi yokonza axle yoyendetsa.Ngati tchipisi, scuffs, ming'alu ndi zowonongeka zina zimapezeka pamtanda, ndiye kuti ziyenera kusinthidwa.Ngati ma spikes a mtanda ali ndi zizindikiro za kuvala kwa abrasive ndi kuchepa kwake, ndiye kuti akhoza kubwezeretsedwa ndi zitsulo zowoneka bwino ndikupera, koma lero ndizosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo kugula mtanda watsopano.Ngati zolakwika zapezeka mu satellites ndi washers (tchipisi, osagwirizana amavala mano, ming'alu ndi fractures mano, etc.), ndiye ayenera m'malo pamodzi ndi crosspiece, ndi seti wathunthu (ndi bushings ndi thrust washers).
Kusiyana kwa KAMAZ-axle
Mitanda yosiyana imayang'aniridwa ndi katundu wambiri panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto, choncho pakapita nthawi imatha ndikuwonongeka.Chikhalidwe cha gawoli chimayang'aniridwa panthawi yokonza chizolowezi kapena panthawi yokonza axle yoyendetsa.Ngati tchipisi, scuffs, ming'alu ndi zowonongeka zina zimapezeka pamtanda, ndiye kuti ziyenera kusinthidwa.Ngati ma spikes a mtanda ali ndi zizindikiro za kuvala kwa abrasive ndi kuchepa kwake, ndiye kuti akhoza kubwezeretsedwa ndi zitsulo zowoneka bwino ndikupera, koma lero ndizosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo kugula mtanda watsopano.Ngati zolakwika zapezeka mu satellites ndi washers (tchipisi, osagwirizana amavala mano, ming'alu ndi fractures mano, etc.), ndiye ayenera m'malo pamodzi ndi crosspiece, ndi seti wathunthu (ndi bushings ndi thrust washers).
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-05-2023