Kusuntha katundu pamtunda waufupi pamene kuli kosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera kungakhale vuto lenileni.Mawotchi am'manja amathandizira pazifukwa zotere.Werengani zonse za winchi zamanja, mitundu yawo, mapangidwe ake ndi mawonekedwe, komanso kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida izi m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi winchi yamanja ndi chiyani
Winch ya pamanja ndi njira yonyamula ndi kunyamula (yokweza) yoyendetsedwa ndi manja yopangidwa kuti ikhale yopingasa komanso, pang'ono, kuyenda moyima kwa katundu wosiyanasiyana.
Pogwira ntchito yotsitsa ndi kutsitsa, kuyesetsa kwakukulu kumafunika kukokera magalimoto omata ndi makina, kusamutsa katundu kuchokera kwina kupita kwina.Pantchito yotere, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zonyamulira, koma izi sizingatheke nthawi zonse.Pazochitika zomwe zida zapadera sizipezeka, ndipo kuyesetsa kofunikira sikudutsa matani angapo, njira zonyamulira zosavuta ndi zoyendetsa ndi galimoto yamanja zimabwera kudzapulumutsa - ma winchi a manja.
Mawotchi am'manja angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zosiyanasiyana:
● Kutulutsa magalimoto, mathirakitala, makina ndi zida zina zotsekera m'misewu;
● Kusuntha ndi kukweza katundu pamalo omanga;
● Kuchita ntchito zofunikira komanso zothandizira panthawi yotsegula ndi kutulutsa ntchito popanda ● ma winchi amagetsi ndi zipangizo zapadera, komanso m'malo otsekedwa.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti pakali pano pali magulu awiri a njira zonyamulira ndi zoyendetsa zofanana muzogwira ntchito: ma winchi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kusuntha katundu mu ndege yopingasa, ndi ma hoists omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha katundu mu ndege yowongoka.Nkhaniyi imangogwiritsa ntchito ma winchi pamanja.
Mitundu, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a winchi zamanja
Mawotchi am'manja amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu malinga ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito:
● Spier (ng'oma, capstans);
● Makina oyika ndi kuyendetsa (MTM).
Pamtima wa spire (drum) winches ndi ng'oma yomwe chingwe kapena tepi imalangidwa, kukopa kumapangidwa pamene ng'oma izungulira.Pamtima pa MTM pali zotchingira ziwiri zomwe zimapereka kutsekereza ndi kukoka chingwe, potero kumapanga kukopa.Ma winchi onsewa ali ndi mawonekedwe awoawo.
Spire Winches amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo malinga ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu ku ng'oma:
● Zida;
● Nyongolotsi;
● Chingwe.
Chipangizo cha makina okwera ndi okwera
Magulu a giya ndi nyongolotsi nthawi zambiri amangotchulidwa kuti ma winchi a ng'oma.Mwadongosolo, ma winchi oterowo ndi osavuta.Maziko a winch ya gear ndi chimango chomwe ng'oma yokhala ndi chingwe chokhazikika komanso giya yayikulu pamphepete imodzi imayikidwa pa axle.Pa chimango pali chogwirira cholumikizidwa ndi zida zazing'ono, zomwe zimagwira ndi zida pa ng'oma.Komanso, makina oyimitsa a ratchet amalumikizidwa ndi chogwirira kapena ng'oma - gudumu la giya ndi pawl yonyamula kasupe yomwe imatha kutseka makinawo, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyimasula.Chogwiririra chikazungulira, ng'oma imabweranso mozungulira, pomwe chingwe chimalangidwa - izi zimapanga mphamvu yomwe imayendetsa katunduyo.Ngati ndi kotheka, winch imatsekedwa ndi makina a ratchet, omwe amalepheretsa ng'oma kuti isatembenuke modzidzimutsa kwina konyamula katundu.
Winch yokhala ndi makina a nyongolotsi imakhala ndi mapangidwe ofanana, koma momwemo magiya awiri amasinthidwa ndi nyongolotsi, nyongolotsi yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi chowongolera.Winchi yotereyi imatha kupanga khama lalikulu, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kupanga, kotero ndizochepa.
Mawilo a zida ndi mtundu wa mphutsi nthawi zambiri amakhala osasunthika - chimango chawo chimakhazikika pamaziko okhazikika (pakhoma, pansi, pamagalimoto agalimoto kapena galimoto ina).
Lever Winches ali ndi chipangizo chosavuta.Zimakhazikitsidwanso ndi chimango, momwe ng'oma yokhala ndi chingwe imakhala pa axis, pamapeto amodzi kapena onse awiri omwe magiya amakhazikika.Chophimbacho chimayikidwanso pamzere wa ng'oma, pomwe pawl imodzi kapena ziwiri zimamangiriridwa - iwo, pamodzi ndi gudumu la gear (mawilo) a ng'oma, amapanga makina a ratchet.Lever ikhoza kukhala ndi kutalika kosiyana, kukhala yolimba kapena telescopic (yosiyana kutalika).Pafupi ndi ng'oma, pawls imodzi kapena ziwiri zina zimayikidwa pa chimango - iwo, pamodzi ndi magiya, amapanga njira yoyimitsa yomwe imatsimikizira kuti ng'oma imatseka.Kumbali imodzi ya chimango, mbedza kapena pini ya nangula imamangiriridwa, mothandizidwa ndi momwe winch imakhazikika pa chinthu chokhazikika, mbali inayo pali bala la chingwe pa ng'oma ndikukhala ndi kugwirizana kolimba ndi izo.
Winch yachingwe ya lever
Chipangizo cha winch ya lever yamanja yokhala ndi chipika cha polyspast
Winch ya lever imagwiranso ntchito mophweka: chiwombankhanga chikasunthira mbali imodzi, ma pawls amapumira motsutsana ndi magiya ndikutembenuzira ng'oma nawo - izi zimapanga mphamvu yochititsa chidwi yomwe imatsimikizira kuyenda kwa katundu.Chingwecho chikabwerera m'mbuyo, zikwanjezo zimazembera mano pagudumu momasuka, ndikubwerera komwe zidali.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ng'oma imatsekedwa ndi pawls ya makina oyimitsa, kotero winch imasunga katunduyo modalirika.
Ma lever Winches nthawi zambiri amatha kunyamula (m'manja), kuti agwire ntchito yokweza ndi kunyamula, amayenera kukhazikika pazida zokhazikika (matabwa, mwala, kapangidwe kake kapena galimoto yoyimitsidwa), kenako ndikuteteza katunduyo.
Gear, worm ndi lever winches amagawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi mtundu wa chingwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
● Chingwe - chokhala ndi chingwe chopotoka chachitsulo chokhala ndi kagawo kakang'ono;
● Tepi - yokhala ndi tepi ya nsalu yopangidwa ndi nayiloni kapena zinthu zina zopangira.
Kuyika ndi njira zoyendera zimakhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi thupi lomwe muli midadada iwiri yolumikizira, iliyonse imakhala ndi mapepala awiri (masaya).Mipiringidzoyi imalumikizidwa ndi njira yolumikizira, yomwe ndi njira ya ndodo ndi ma levers olumikizidwa ku mkono woyendetsa, chowongolera chakumbuyo ndi cholumikizira cha chingwe.Pamapeto a thupi la winchi pali mbedza kapena pini ya nangula, yomwe chipangizocho chimakhazikika pa chinthu choyima.
Winch ya chingwe cha ng'oma yamanja
Winch ya lamba wa ng'oma
Ntchito ya MTM ili motere.Chingwecho chimalumikizidwa ndi thupi lonse la winch, chimakhala pakati pa midadada yotsekera, yomwe, lever ikasuntha, imachita mosinthana.Chingwecho chikasuntha mbali imodzi, chipika chimodzi chimakanikizidwa ndikubwezeredwa mmbuyo, chipika chachiwiri sichimachotsedwa ndikupita patsogolo - chifukwa chake, chingwe chimatambasulidwa ndikukoka katunduyo.Chingwecho chikabwerera mmbuyo, midadada imasintha maudindo - chifukwa chake, chingwecho chimakhazikika nthawi zonse ndi chimodzi mwa midadada ndikukokera pa winchi.
Ubwino wa MTM ndikuti ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chingwe chautali uliwonse, bola ngati uli ndi gawo loyenera.
Mawotchi am'manja amakhala ndi mphamvu ya matani 0,45 mpaka 4, ma winchi a ng'oma amakhala ndi zingwe kapena matepi kuchokera ku 1.2 mpaka 9 metres kutalika, MTM imatha kukhala ndi zingwe mpaka 20 metres kapena kupitilira apo.Lever Winches, monga lamulo, imakhala ndi polyspast yamagetsi - mbedza yowonjezera yokhala ndi chipika chomwe chimachulukitsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu.Zochuluka za ma winchi amakono amakono zimakhala ndi zitsulo zazitsulo zokhala ndi zotsekera kasupe, zomwe sizimangowonjezera katundu, komanso zimalepheretsa kutsetsereka kwa chingwe china kapena chingwe pamene mukukweza ndi kuyendetsa ntchito.
Momwe mungasankhire, kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito winchi yamanja
Posankha winch, m'pofunika kuganizira momwe ntchito yake ikugwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kulemera kwakukulu kwa katundu omwe akusuntha.Kuti mugwiritse ntchito pamagalimoto ndi ma SUV, ndizokwanira kukhala ndi ma winchi omwe amatha kunyamula matani awiri, pamagalimoto olemera - mpaka matani anayi.Ma Winchi okhala ndi mphamvu yonyamula matani 0.45-1.2 atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha katundu wocheperako pakuyika zinthu zosiyanasiyana, pamalo omanga kapena malo ogulitsa.
Kwa magalimoto ndi zochitika zomwe winch imayenera kusunthidwa kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo kapena kusankha malo abwino kwambiri omangirira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono.Ndipo ngati pali malo apadera opangira winch, ndiye kuti muyenera kusankha chida chokhala ndi giya kapena nyongolotsi.Zikatero ngati kuli kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazitali zazitali, ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo la MTM.
Chosankha chochititsa chidwi chikhoza kukhala ma winches ndi polyspast: katundu wochepa amatha kusuntha popanda polyspast pa liwiro lalikulu, ndi katundu wamkulu ndi polyspast, koma pa liwiro lochepa.Mukhozanso kugula mbedza zowonjezera ndi zingwe, zomwe zidzakuthandizani kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Manual ng'oma winch ndi nyongolotsi galimoto
Mawotchi am'manja amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poganizira malangizo ndi malingaliro onse pakukweza ndi kutsitsa ndikukweza ndi kunyamula.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma lever a lever ndi MTM, amayenera kukhazikika pazinthu zoyima kapena zomanga.Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito winchi, anthu ayenera kukhala kutali ndi chingwe ndi katundu kuti asavulale.Muyeneranso kupewa kudzaza winchi.
Kusankhidwa koyenera ndi ntchito ya winch ndi chitsimikizo cha ntchito yabwino komanso yotetezeka ya ntchito iliyonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-12-2023