Pafupifupi magalimoto onse apanyumba ndi mabasi amagwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero chamagetsi, chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi akasinja amitundu yosiyanasiyana.Werengani za matanki owongolera mphamvu, mitundu yawo yomwe ilipo, magwiridwe antchito ndi kapangidwe kake, kukonza ndi kukonza m'nkhaniyi.
Cholinga ndi magwiridwe antchito a tanki yowongolera mphamvu
Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1960, magalimoto ambiri apakhomo ndi mabasi ali ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi (GUR) - dongosololi limathandizira kwambiri kugwira ntchito kwa makina olemera, kuchepetsa kutopa ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya ntchito.Kale pa nthawiyo panali njira ziwiri za masanjidwe a dongosolo chiwongolero mphamvu - ndi thanki osiyana ndi thanki yomwe ili pa mphamvu mpope chiwongolero nyumba.Masiku ano, njira zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zidzakambidwe pansipa.
Mosasamala mtundu ndi kapangidwe kake, matanki onse owongolera mphamvu ali ndi ntchito zisanu zofunika:
- Kusungirako ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero champhamvu chamadzimadzi;
- Kuyeretsa madzi ogwirira ntchito kuchokera pazovala zamagawo owongolera mphamvu - ntchitoyi imathetsedwa ndi chinthu chosefera chomangidwa;
- Kulipiritsa kukulitsa kwamafuta amadzimadzi panthawi yogwira ntchito yowongolera mphamvu;
- Kulipiritsa kutayikira pang'ono kwamadzi owongolera mphamvu;
- Kutulutsidwa kwa kupanikizika kowonjezereka mu dongosolo pamene fyulutayo yatsekedwa, makina amawulutsidwa kapena ngati mafuta ochuluka akukwera.
Nthawi zambiri, posungira amaonetsetsa kuti mpope ndi chiwongolero chonse champhamvu chimagwira ntchito bwino.Gawo ili liri ndi udindo osati kusunga mafuta ofunikira, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kusokonezeka kwa mpope, kuyeretsa, kugwira ntchito kwa chiwongolero cha mphamvu ngakhale ndi kutseka kwakukulu kwa fyuluta, ndi zina zotero.
Mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka akasinja
Monga tanenera kale, pakali pano, mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya akasinja chiwongolero mphamvu ntchito mwakhama:
- Matanki wokwera mwachindunji pa mpope thupi;
- Matanki opatukana olumikizidwa ndi mpope ndi mapaipi.
Matanki amtundu woyamba ali ndi magalimoto a KAMAZ (ndi injini za KAMAZ), ZIL (130, 131, mtundu wa "Bychok" ndi ena), "Ural", KrAZ ndi ena, komanso mabasi a LAZ, LiAZ, PAZ, NefAZ. ndi ena.M'magalimoto ndi mabasi onsewa, mitundu iwiri ya akasinja imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Oval - amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagalimoto a KAMAZ, Urals, magalimoto a KrAZ ndi mabasi;
- Cylindrical - amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagalimoto a ZIL.
Mwamapangidwe, mitundu yonse ya akasinja ndi yofanana.Maziko a thanki ndi chitsulo chosindikizira thupi ndi seti ya mabowo.Kuchokera pamwamba, thankiyo imatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro (kupyolera mu gasket), yomwe imayikidwa ndi stud yodutsa mu thanki ndi mtedza wa nkhosa (ZIL) kapena bolt wautali (KAMAZ).Chitsulo kapena bawuti imakulungidwa mu ulusi pa mpope wochuluka, womwe uli pansi pa thanki (kudzera pa gasket).Bunji bwaziindi bwiindene-indene buyo ndwajisi mane kukabe kutamani mubusena bwakusaanguna, eeci nciconya eeco cikonzya kubikkilizya antoomwe akupompa.Kuti asindikize, pali gasket yosindikiza pakati pa thanki ndi nyumba yopopera.
Mkati mwa thanki pali fyuluta, yomwe imayikidwa mwachindunji pa mpope wochuluka (m'magalimoto a KAMAZ) kapena pazitsulo zolowera (mu ZIL).Pali mitundu iwiri ya zosefera:
- Mesh - ndi zinthu zingapo zozungulira zosefera zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa phukusi, mwadongosolo fyulutayo imaphatikizidwa ndi valavu yachitetezo ndi kasupe wake.Zosefera izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusintha koyambirira kwa magalimoto;
- Pepala - Zosefera wamba za cylindrical zokhala ndi zosefera zamapepala, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusintha kwagalimoto pano.
Chophimba cha pampu chimakhala ndi khosi lodzaza ndi pulagi, dzenje la stud kapena bolt, komanso dzenje lopangira valavu yotetezera.Fyuluta ya mesh filler imayikidwa pansi pa khosi, yomwe imapereka kuyeretsa koyambirira kwamadzi owongolera omwe amatsanuliridwa mu thanki.
Pakhoma la thanki, pafupi ndi pansi pake, pali cholowera cholowera, mkati mwa thanki chikhoza kulumikizidwa ndi fyuluta kapena pampu yochuluka.Kupyolera mu izi, madzi ogwira ntchito amayenda kuchokera ku silinda yamagetsi yamagetsi kapena rack kupita ku fyuluta ya thanki, kumene amatsukidwa ndi kudyetsedwa ku gawo lotayirira la mpope.
Matanki olekanitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a KAMAZ okhala ndi Cummins, injini za MAZ, komanso mabasi omwe atchulidwa kale akusintha kwaposachedwa.Matanki awa amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
- Matanki osindikizira zitsulo amitundu yakale komanso yambiri yamagalimoto ndi mabasi;
- Matanki apulasitiki amakono a zosintha zamakono zamagalimoto ndi mabasi.
Matanki achitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, amapangidwa ndi thupi losindikizidwa ndi zopangira zotayira (zotulutsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala pambali, zomwe zimayikidwa - pansi), zomwe zimatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro.Chivundikirocho chimakhazikitsidwa ndi stud ndi mtedza kudutsa mu thanki yonse, kuti asindikize thanki, chivindikirocho chimayikidwa kupyolera mu gasket.M'kati mwa thanki muli fyuluta yokhala ndi pepala la fyuluta, fyulutayo imakanizidwa kulowera kolowera ndi kasupe (chipangidwe chonsechi chimapanga valve yotetezera yomwe imatsimikizira kutuluka kwa mafuta mu thanki pamene fyulutayo yatsekedwa).Pa chivindikiro pali khosi lodzaza ndi zosefera.Pamitundu ina ya akasinja, khosi limapangidwa pakhoma.
Matanki apulasitiki amatha kukhala acylindrical kapena amakona anayi, nthawi zambiri amakhala osapatukana.M'munsi mwa thanki, zopangira zimaponyedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi ma hoses a dongosolo lowongolera mphamvu, mumitundu ina ya akasinja, cholumikizira chimodzi chikhoza kukhala pakhoma lakumbali.Pakhoma lakumtunda pali khosi lodzaza khosi ndi chivundikiro cha fyuluta (kuti m'malo mwake mutseke).
Kuyika kwa akasinja amitundu yonse kumachitika pamabulaketi apadera mothandizidwa ndi zingwe.Matanki ena achitsulo amakhala ndi bulaketi yomwe yatsekeredwa m'chipinda cha injini kapena pamalo ena abwino.
Matanki amitundu yonse amagwira ntchito mofanana.Injini ikayamba, mafuta ochokera ku tanki amalowa mu mpope, amadutsa mu dongosolo ndikubwerera ku thanki kuchokera kumbali ya fyuluta, apa amatsukidwa (chifukwa cha kupanikizika komwe pampu imauza mafuta) ndikulowanso pampu.Fyuluta ikatsekedwa, mphamvu ya mafuta mu unit iyi imakwera ndipo nthawi ina imagonjetsa mphamvu yopondereza ya masika - fyuluta imakwera ndipo mafuta amayenda momasuka mu thanki.Pachifukwa ichi, mafuta samatsukidwa, omwe amadzaza ndi kuvala kwachangu kwa mbali zowongolera mphamvu, kotero fyuluta iyenera kusinthidwa mwamsanga.Ngati kupanikizika kukwera mu posungira mphamvu yoyendetsera mphamvu kapena madzi ochulukirapo atasefukira, valavu yotetezera imayambika pomwe mafuta ochulukirapo amachotsedwa.
Nthawi zambiri, akasinja owongolera mphamvu ndi osavuta komanso odalirika pakugwira ntchito, koma amafunikiranso kukonzedwa kapena kukonzedwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Nkhani zokonza ndi kukonza matanki a pampu yowongolera mphamvu
Poyendetsa galimoto, thanki iyenera kufufuzidwa ngati ikulimba ndi kukhulupirika, komanso kulimba kwa kugwirizana kwa mpope kapena mapaipi.Ngati ming'alu, kutayikira, dzimbiri, zopindika zazikulu ndi zowonongeka zina zimapezeka, msonkhano wa thanki uyenera kusinthidwa.Ngati zolumikizira zotayira zapezeka, ma gaskets ayenera kusinthidwa kapena ma hoses ayenera kumangirizidwanso pazingwezo.
Kuti m'malo thanki, m'pofunika kukhetsa madzimadzi kuchokera chiwongolero mphamvu, ndi dismantle.Njira yochotsera thanki zimatengera mtundu wake:
- Kwa akasinja oyikidwa pa mpope, muyenera kuthyola chivundikiro (kumasula bolt / mwanawankhosa) ndikumasula mabawuti anayi omwe ali ndi tanki lokha ndi manifold pa mpope;
- Kwa akasinja amodzi, chotsani chomangira kapena masulani mabawuti pa bulaketi.
Musanakhazikitse thanki, yang'anani ma gaskets onse, ndipo ngati ali pamavuto, yikani atsopano.
Ndi pafupipafupi 60-100,000 Km (malingana ndi chitsanzo cha galimoto ndi kamangidwe ka thanki), fyuluta ayenera kusinthidwa kapena kutsukidwa.Zosefera zamapepala ziyenera kusinthidwa, zosefera ziyenera kupasuka, kupasuka, kutsukidwa ndi kutsukidwa.
Ndikofunikira kubwezeretsanso bwino mafuta ndikuwona kuchuluka kwamafuta mu thanki.Thirani madzi mu thanki pokhapokha injini ikugwira ntchito komanso idling, ndipo mawilo amaikidwa molunjika.Kuti mudzaze, m'pofunika kumasula pulagi ndikudzaza thanki ndi mafuta mosamalitsa mpaka mlingo womwe watchulidwa (osati wotsika komanso wapamwamba).
Kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa chiwongolero champhamvu, kusinthika kwanthawi zonse kwa fyuluta ndi kusintha kwanthawi yake kwa thanki ndizo maziko a ntchito yodalirika ya chiwongolero chilichonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-27-2023