Kuyika akasupe pa chimango cha galimotoyo kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi zothandizira zomwe zimamangidwa pazigawo zapadera - zala.Chilichonse chokhudza zala za akasupe, mitundu yawo yomwe ilipo, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito yoyimitsidwa, komanso kusankha koyenera kwa zala ndi m'malo mwake, mungapeze m'nkhani yomwe yaperekedwa.
Kodi kasupe wa chala ndi chiyani?
Kuyimitsidwa kasupe ndi malo a zala mmenemo
Chala chakumapeto ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la magawo omwe ali ndi ndodo zokhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyikira (ulusi, mphero, pini), zotuluka ngati ma axles kapena zomangira m'masika kuyimitsidwa kwamagalimoto.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa kasupe, komwe kunapangidwa m'zaka za XVIII, kumakhalabe kofunikira ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamayendedwe apamsewu.Akasupe amakhala ngati zinthu zotanuka, zomwe, chifukwa cha kuphulika kwawo, zimatulutsa kugwedezeka ndi kunjenjemera pamene galimoto imayenda mosagwirizana ndi msewu.Zodziwika kwambiri ndi akasupe a theka-elliptical okhala ndi mfundo ziwiri zothandizira pa chimango - zofotokozedwa komanso zotsetsereka.Mfundo yofotokozedwayo imapereka mphamvu yozungulira kasupe wachibale ndi chimango, ndipo malo otsetsereka amapereka kusintha kwa kutalika kwa kasupe panthawi yopunduka yomwe imachitika panthawi yogonjetsa kusagwirizana kwa msewu.Mzere wa chithandizo chofotokozera, chomwe chili kutsogolo kwa kasupe, ndi chinthu chapadera - chala cha khutu la masika (kapena chala chakumapeto kwa kasupe).Zothandizira zam'mbuyo zotsetsereka zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri pamaboti ndi mbali zina, koma nthawi zina zala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zala za masika ndizofunika kuyimitsidwa zomwe zimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse pansi pa katundu wambiri (ngakhale galimoto sikuyenda), choncho zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina zimafuna kusinthidwa.Koma musanagule zala zatsopano, muyenera kumvetsetsa mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a zigawozi.
Mitundu, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a akasupe a zala
Kuyika chala cha kasupe pa mtedza
Zala za akasupe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ntchito zomwe zimachitidwa pakuyimitsidwa (ndipo, molingana ndi malo oyika), komanso njira yokhazikitsira.
Malinga ndi cholinga (ntchito), zala zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
● Zala za khutu (kumapeto) kwa masika;
● Zala za kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa kasupe;
● Zala zomangirira zosiyanasiyana.
Pafupifupi onse kuyimitsidwa masamba kasupe pali chala khutu, chimene chiri chinthu chachikulu cha kutsogolo hinge fulcrum ya kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo akasupe.Chala ichi chimagwira ntchito zingapo:
● Amagwira ntchito ngati axis (kingpin) ya fulcrum yofotokozedwa;
● Amapereka kugwirizana kwa makina a khutu la masika ndi bulaketi yomwe ili pa chimango;
● Amapereka kusamutsidwa kwa mphamvu ndi ma torque kuchokera pa gudumu kupita ku chimango cha galimoto.
Zikhomo zothandizira kumbuyo sizipezeka muzoyimitsidwa zonse za kasupe, nthawi zambiri gawo ili limasinthidwa ndi mabawuti kapena mabulaketi opanda zomangira zamtundu uliwonse.Zala izi zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:
● Zala zing'onozing'ono zokhazikika m'mabokosi akumbuyo a kasupe (monga momwemo, muzoyikapo za bulaketi);
● Zala ziwiri zomanga ndolo.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimakhala kumbuyo kumbuyo, kasupe amakhala pa chala ichi (mwachindunji kapena kudzera mu gasket yapadera yolimba).Zala ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono (mwachitsanzo, pamitundu ina ya UAZ).Zala zimasonkhanitsidwa pawiri mothandizidwa ndi mbale ziwiri (masaya), kupanga ndolo zopachika kasupe: chala chapamwamba cha ndolo chimayikidwa mu bulaketi pa chimango, chala chapansi - ku khutu kumbuyo kwa ndolo. masika.Kukwera kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti kumapeto kwa kasupe kusunthike mundege zopingasa komanso zoyima pomwe gudumu likuyenda m'misewu yosagwirizana.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikhomo zomangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza phukusi la mbale za masika ku khutu (kapena mbale ya masamba, kumapeto kwake komwe kuzungulira kumapangidwa).Zala zonse ziwiri ndi mabawuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pulasitiki ndi mphira.
Malinga ndi njira yokhazikitsira, zala za akasupe zimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu:
1. Ndi kukonza ndi mabawuti opingasa ang'onoang'ono awiri (kupanikizana);
2. Ndi kukonza mtedza;
3. Ndi kukonza pini.
Zitsime zamakutu zala zala zokhazikika ndi ma bolts awiri
Kumakutu kwa zala ndi kukonza ndi mtedza
Chala cha kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa kasupe pa pini
Poyamba, chala cha cylindrical chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamwamba pake pomwe ma notches awiri ozungulira amapangidwa.Chipindacho chili ndi mabawuti awiri opingasa omwe amalowa m'makona a chala, kuwonetsetsa kugwedezeka kwake.Ndi kukhazikitsa uku, chalacho chimasungidwa bwino mu bulaketi, sichimazungulira mozungulira ndipo chimatetezedwa kuti zisagwe chifukwa cha kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka.Zala zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, kuphatikiza magalimoto apakhomo a KAMAZ.
Chachiwiri, ulusi umadulidwa kumapeto kwa chala, pomwe mtedza umodzi kapena ziwiri zokhala ndi ma thrust washers zimaphwanyidwa.Mtedza wamba ndi mtedza wa kolona ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwathunthu ndi pini yomwe imayikidwa mu dzenje lopingasa chala, ndikuwerengera mtedzawo modalirika.
Pachinthu chachitatu, zala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zokhazikika ndi pini, zomwe zimakhala ngati zoyimitsa zomwe zimalepheretsa gawolo kuti lisagwe m'bokosi.Kuonjezera apo, thrust washer imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pini.
Zala zamtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolo kwa akasupe, zala zamtundu wachitatu - kumbuyo kwa akasupe.
Mu gulu losiyana, mukhoza kutenga zala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ndolo za akasupe.Pa tsaya limodzi, zala zimapanikizidwa, zomwe kukulitsa ndi notch yautali kumachitidwa pansi pamitu yawo - chala chimayikidwa mu dzenje pa tsaya ndi chowonjezera ichi, ndipo chimakhazikika momwemo.Kulumikizana ndi tsaya lachiwiri kumachitika ndi mtedza wamba kapena mtedza wa korona wokhala ndi zikhomo.Chotsatira chake, kugwirizana kwagawanika kumapangidwa, chifukwa chomwe ndolo imatha kukwezedwa mosavuta ndikuphwanyidwa, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, kusokonezeka kuti m'malo mwa chala chimodzi.
Kuyika zala zam'tsogolo zothandizira m'mabokosi kumayendetsedwa ndi manja olimba kapena ophatikizana.M'magalimoto, zitsulo zolimba zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, momwe zala zimayikidwa kudzera mu zisindikizo ziwiri za rabara (ma cuffs).M'magalimoto opepuka, zitsamba zophatikizika zomwe zimakhala ndi mphira ziwiri zokhala ndi mapewa olumikizidwa ndi zitsulo zakunja ndi zamkati zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - kapangidwe kake ndi hinge yachitsulo-chitsulo (chete block), yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka ndi phokoso la kuyimitsidwa.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito chala chakutsogolo (khutu lakumapeto), kudzoza kwake ndikofunikira - pachifukwa ichi, chala chofanana ndi L chimapangidwa m'zala (kubowola kumapeto ndi mbali yakumbali), ndi muyezo. makina opangira mafuta amaikidwa kumapeto kwa ulusi.Kupyolera mu mafuta, mafuta amaponyedwa mumsewu wa chala, chomwe chimalowa m'tchire ndipo, chifukwa cha kupanikizika ndi kutentha, chimagawidwa pakati pa tchire ndi chala.Pakugawa ngakhale mafuta odzola (komanso kuyika koyenera kwa gawolo mu bulaketi), ma notches otalika komanso osinthika amitundu yosiyanasiyana amatha kuchitidwa chala.
Momwe mungatenge ndikusintha akasupe a chala
Pogwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo, zala zonse za akasupe zimakhala ndi katundu wochuluka wamakina, komanso zotsatira za zinthu zoipa za chilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti avale kwambiri, awonongeke komanso awonongeke.Yang'anani mkhalidwe wa zala ndi zitsamba zawo ziyenera kukhala pa TO-1 iliyonse, panthawi yoyang'anira m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zala zala ndi ming'alu, ndipo, ngati ndizovomerezeka, kusintha magawowa.
Zala zokhazo ndi zigawo zomwe zimagwirizana zomwe zimalangizidwa ndi wopanga galimoto ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zilowe m'malo.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mitundu ina ya ziwalo kungayambitse kuvala msanga ndi kusweka kwa kuyimitsidwa, chotsatira choipa chingakhalenso ndi kupanga paokha kwa zala (makamaka ngati kalasi yachitsulo imasankhidwa molakwika).Muyenera kusintha chala cha kasupe mogwirizana ndi malangizo a kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto.Kawirikawiri, ntchitoyi ikuchitika motere:
1. Yendetsani mbali ya galimoto kuchokera kumbali ya kasupe kuti ikonzedwe, tsitsani kasupe;
2. Chotsani chotsitsa chodzidzimutsa kuchokera ku kasupe;
3. Tulutsani chala - masulani nati, tsegulani ma bolts, chotsani pini kapena chitani ntchito zina molingana ndi mtundu wa cholumikizira chala;
4. Chotsani chala - kugogoda kapena kuchikoka m'manja ndi chipangizo chapadera;
5. Yang'anani tchire ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, chotsani;
6. Ikani magawo atsopano, atachita kale mafuta odzola;
7. Reverse kumanga.
Tikumbukenso kuti nthawi zina, mukhoza kuchotsa chala ndi thandizo la kukoka wapadera - chipangizo ayenera kusamalidwa pasadakhale.Chokokacho chikhoza kugulidwa kapena kupangidwa paokha, ngakhale kuti zinthu za fakitale zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Pambuyo m'malo chala, m'pofunika kudzaza ndi mafuta kudzera atolankhani oiler, m'tsogolo kuchita opareshoni ndi kukonza koyenera.
Ngati chala cha masika chisankhidwa ndikusinthidwa moyenera, kuyimitsidwa kwa galimotoyo kudzagwira ntchito modalirika muzochitika zonse, kupereka kuyenda momasuka komanso kotetezeka.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-06-2023