Mu zida zowongolera pafupifupi magalimoto onse amawilo, pali zinthu zomwe zimatumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku chiwongolero kupita ku mawilo - ndodo zowongolera.Chilichonse chokhudza ndodo zomangira, mitundu yawo yomwe ilipo, kapangidwe kake ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kusankha koyenera ndikusintha magawowa - werengani nkhani yomwe yaperekedwa.
Kodi tie rod ndi chiyani?
Ndodo yowongolera - chinthu chomwe chimayendetsa makina oyendetsa magalimoto (kupatula mathirakitala ndi zida zina zokhala ndi chimango chosweka);Gawo lamtundu wa ndodo yokhala ndi cholumikizira cha mpira (mahinji), chomwe chimatsimikizira kusuntha kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku chiwongolero kupita kuzitsulo zazitsulo zowongolera za mawilo ndi zigawo zina za chiwongolero.
Chiwongolero cha magalimoto amagudumu chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chiwongolero ndi kuyendetsa kwake.Njira yowongolera imayendetsedwa ndi chiwongolero, ndi chithandizo chake mphamvu imapangidwa kuti iwononge mawilo.Mphamvu imeneyi imaperekedwa ku magudumu pogwiritsa ntchito galimoto, yomwe ndi dongosolo la ndodo ndi zitsulo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi hinges.Chimodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu za galimotoyo ndi ndodo zomangira zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi malo, mapangidwe ndi cholinga.
Zowongolera zili ndi ntchito zingapo:
● Kutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku njira yoyendetsera galimoto kupita ku zigawo zomwe zimayendetsa galimotoyo komanso mwachindunji kuzitsulo zazitsulo zoyendetsa mawilo;
● Kugwira ngodya yosankhidwa ya magudumu poyendetsa;
● Kusintha kwa ngodya yozungulira ya mawilo owongolera malinga ndi malo a chiwongolero ndi zosintha zina zazitsulo zowongolerera zambiri.
Ndodo zomangira zimathetsa ntchito yofunikira yosinthira mphamvu kuchokera ku chiwongolero kupita ku mawilo owongolera, chifukwa chake, pakagwa vuto, zigawozi ziyenera kusinthidwa posachedwa.Koma pakusankha koyenera kwa kukakamiza kwatsopano, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a magawowa.
Mitundu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ndodo zomangira
Ndodo zomangira zimatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo malinga ndi cholinga chawo, kugwiritsa ntchito komanso mawonekedwe ena.
Ponena za kugwiritsiridwa ntchito, pali mitundu iwiri ya kukoka:
● Kwa machitidwe owongolera otengera nyongolotsi ndi njira zina zowongolera komanso zoyendetsa ngati chiwongolero cha trapezoid;
● Kwa machitidwe owongolera otengera zitsulo zowongolera ndi ma wheel drive.
M'machitidwe amtundu woyamba (okhala ndi trapezoid chowongolera), ndodo ziwiri kapena zitatu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutengera mtundu wa kuyimitsidwa kwa chitsulo chowongolera ndi chiwongolero cha trapezoid:
● Pa nkhwangwa yokhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kodalira: ndodo ziwiri - kutalika kotalika, kuchokera ku chiwongolero cha bipod, ndi imodzi yopingasa, yolumikizidwa ndi zitsulo zazitsulo zowongolera za mawilo;
● Pa nkhwangwa yokhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha: ndodo zitatu - imodzi yotalika pakati (chapakati), yolumikizidwa ndi bipod ya chiwongolero, ndi mbali ziwiri zam'mbali zotalikirana, zolumikizidwa pakati ndi zopindika za ma knuckles owongolera mawilo.
Palinso zosankha za trapezoid pa ekseli yokhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha ndi ndodo ziwiri zam'mbali zolumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero chapakati.Komabe, kuyendetsa chiwembu chotere kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri powongolera potengera zowongolera, zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa.
Mitundu ndi machitidwe a chiwongolero cha trapezoid
Tikumbukenso kuti mu chiwongolero trapezoids kwa chitsulo ndi kuyimitsidwa paokha, tayi ndodo kwenikweni ntchito, ogaŵikana magawo atatu - amatchedwa dismembered ndodo.The ntchito dismembered tayi ndodo kupewa mowiriza kupatuka kwa mawilo chiwongolero pamene galimoto tokhala mu msewu chifukwa osiyana matalikidwe a oscillation lamanja ndi lamanzere mawilo.Trapezoid yokha ikhoza kukhala kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa chitsulo cha mawilo, poyamba imatchedwa kutsogolo, chachiwiri - kumbuyo (kotero musaganize kuti "trapezoid kumbuyo" ndi zida zoyendetsera. gwero lakumbuyo la galimoto).
M'machitidwe owongolera otengera chiwongolero, ndodo ziwiri zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - kumanja ndi kumanzere kudutsa mawilo kumanja ndi kumanzere, motsatana.M'malo mwake, ichi ndi chiwongolero cha trapezoid chokhala ndi ndodo yotalikirapo yotalikirana yokhala ndi hinge pakatikati - yankholi limathandizira kwambiri mapangidwe a chiwongolero, ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwake.Ndodo za makinawa nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi mapangidwe ophatikizika, mbali zawo zakunja zimatchedwa nsonga zowongolera.
Ndodo zomangira zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi kuthekera kosintha kutalika kwake:
● Zopanda malire - ndodo zachidutswa chimodzi zomwe zimakhala ndi kutalika kwake, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ndi ndodo zina zosinthika kapena mbali zina;
● Zosinthika - ndodo zophatikizika, zomwe, chifukwa cha zigawo zina, zimatha kusintha kutalika kwake mkati mwa malire ena kuti zisinthe zida zowongolera.
Pomaliza, ndodo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu ambiri malinga ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito - magalimoto ndi magalimoto, magalimoto okhala ndi chiwongolero chamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri.
Kupanga ndodo
Mapangidwe osavuta kwambiri amakhala ndi ndodo zosalamulirika - zimatengera ndodo yopanda kanthu kapena chitsulo chonse cha mbiri (itha kukhala yowongoka kapena yokhotakhota molingana ndi mawonekedwe agalimoto), pamphepete imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri zomwe zida za mpira zili.Mahinjiwo ndi osapatukana, amakhala ndi thupi lokhala ndi pini ya mpira mkati mwake ndi ulusi wa mtedza wa korona ndi dzenje lopindika la pini ya cotter;Hinge ikhoza kutsekedwa ndi nsapato ya rabara kuti iteteze ku dothi ndi madzi.Pakukakamiza kodutsa, nkhwangwa za zala zamagulu a mpira zimakhala mu ndege yomweyo kapena zimasinthidwa pang'ono.Pakukankhira kotalika, nkhwangwa za ma hinge pin nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwirizana.
Mapangidwe ena ovuta kwambiri amakhala ndi ndodo zopingasa zosayendetsedwa.Pankhani iyi, zinthu zowonjezera zitha kuperekedwa:
Radiator ndi pulagi ya thanki yowonjezera yokhala ndi mavavu ophatikizika omwe ali pamtunda womwewo
● Mu ndodo za ma axles okhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kodalira - dzenje kapena hinji yolumikizira chowongolera;
● Mu ndodo za ma axles okhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha - mabowo awiri opangidwa molingana kapena mahinji olumikizana ndi ndodo zam'mbali;
● Mu ndodo zamagalimoto okhala ndi hydrostatic chiwongolero (GORU) - bulaketi kapena dzenje lolumikizira ndodo ya hydraulic cylinder GORU.
Komabe, ma trapezoid okhala ndi mkono wa pendulum amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto ambiri - m'makina otere, nsonga zapakatikati zokhotakhota pansonga zake zimakhala ndi mabowo okwera pendulum lever ndi chiwongolero chowongolera.
Ndodo zomangira zosinthika zimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: ndodo yokha ndi nsonga yowongolera yolumikizidwa nayo.Nsonga mwa njira imodzi imatha kusintha malo ake pokhudzana ndi kukankhira, zomwe zimakulolani kusintha kutalika kwa gawolo.Malinga ndi njira yosinthira, kukakamiza kumatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
● Kusintha kwa ulusi ndi kukonza kwa locknut;
● Kusintha ndi ulusi kapena njira ya telescopic yokhala ndi chomangira chomangira.
Pachiyambi choyamba, nsongayo imakhala ndi ulusi womwe umakulungidwa mu ulusi wotsutsa kumapeto kwa ndodo, kapena mosiyana, ndipo kukonzanso kuchokera kutembenuka kumachitidwa ndi locknut pa ulusi womwewo.Muzochitika zachiwiri, nsongayo imathanso kugwedezeka mu ndodo, kapena kungoyikamo, ndipo kukonza kuchokera kutembenuka kumachitika ndi chomangira cholimba chakunja kwa ndodo.Chomangira chomangiracho chikhoza kukhala chopapatiza ndikumangika ndi bawuti imodzi yokha ndi nati, kapena kufalikira ndikumangitsa ma bawuti awiri.
Mapangidwe osinthika a ndodo yokhala ndi zomangira zomangira
Ndodo zonse zomangira zimamangiriridwa wina ndi mzake komanso mbali zina za chiwongolero - izi zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwadongosolo kwadongosolo panthawi yopunduka yomwe imachitika pamene galimoto ikuyenda.Nkhwangwa za ma hinges ndi zikhomo za mpira, zimakhazikika m'mabowo a zigawo zokwerera ndi mtedza wa korona wokhazikika ndi zikhomo za cotter.
Ndodo zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamagulu osiyanasiyana, zimatha kukhala ndi zokutira zoteteza ngati utoto wamba kapena electroplating ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana - zinki, chromium ndi ena.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha ndodo ya tayi
Ndodo zowongolera zimakhala ndi zolemetsa zazikulu panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto, motero zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito.Nthawi zambiri, mavuto amawuka pamalumikizidwe a mpira, ndipo ndodo zimathanso kupindika ndikusweka, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa gawolo.Kusokonekera kwa ndodo kungasonyezedwe ndi kubwerera kumbuyo ndi kugunda kwa chiwongolero, kapena, m'malo mwake, chiwongolero cholimba kwambiri, kugogoda kosiyanasiyana pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto, komanso kuwonongeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto (kumayambitsa mbali).Zizindikirozi zikawoneka, chiwongolerocho chiyenera kuzindikiridwa, ndipo ngati pali zovuta ndi ndodo, ndiye kuti ziyenera kusinthidwa.
M'malo mwake, muyenera kusankha ndodo ndi malangizo omwe adayikidwa pagalimoto kale - iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti chiwongolerocho chidzagwira ntchito bwino.Ngati vuto linachitika kokha mbali imodzi ndodo kapena nsonga, ndiye ndi bwino m'malo mbali izi awiriawiri, apo ayi pali mwayi waukulu wa kusweka kwa ndodo pa gudumu lachiwiri.
Kusintha kwa ndodo kuyenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo a kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto.Nthawi zambiri, opareshoni iyi imatsikira pakukweza galimoto pa jack, kugwetsa ndodo zakale (zomwe ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chokoka chapadera) ndikuyika zatsopano.Pambuyo kukonza, ndi bwino kusintha gudumu mayikidwe.Ndodo zatsopano pamagalimoto ena (makamaka magalimoto) ziyenera kuthiridwa mafuta nthawi ndi nthawi, koma nthawi zambiri zigawozi sizifuna kukonzedwa pa moyo wawo wonse wautumiki.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kusinthanitsa ndodo zomangira, kuyendetsa galimoto kudzakhala kodalirika komanso kodalirika mumayendedwe onse oyendetsa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-26-2023