Galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi sensor yosavuta koma yofunika yomwe imathandizira kuyang'anira momwe injini ikugwirira ntchito - sensor yoziziritsa kutentha.Werengani za zomwe sensor ya kutentha ili, ndi mapangidwe ake, pa mfundo zomwe ntchito yake ikuchokera, ndi malo omwe imakhala m'galimoto.
Kodi sensor ya kutentha ndi chiyani
Coolant temperature sensor (DTOZh) ndi sensa yamagetsi yopangidwa kuti imayeza kutentha kwa choziziritsa (chozizira) cha makina ozizirira a injini yoyaka mkati.Zomwe zimapezedwa ndi sensor zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mavuto angapo:
• Kuwongolera kowonekera kwa kutentha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi - deta yochokera ku sensa ikuwonetsedwa pa chipangizo chofanana (thermometer) pa dashboard m'galimoto;
• Kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka machitidwe osiyanasiyana a injini (mphamvu, kuyatsa, kuziziritsa, kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndi zina) molingana ndi kayendetsedwe kake ka kutentha - zambiri kuchokera ku DTOZH zimadyetsedwa ku unit control electronic (ECU), zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha koyenera.
Masensa ozizira otentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto onse amakono, ali ndi mapangidwe ofanana ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito.
Mitundu ndi mapangidwe a masensa kutentha
M'magalimoto amakono (komanso pazida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi), masensa a kutentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe ndi thermistor (kapena thermistor).Thermistor ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe kukana kwa magetsi kumadalira kutentha kwake.Pali ma thermitors omwe ali ndi choyezera choyipa komanso chabwino cha kutentha (TCS), pazida zomwe zili ndi TCS yoyipa, kukana kumachepa ndi kutentha, pazida zomwe zili ndi TCS zabwino, m'malo mwake, zimawonjezeka.Masiku ano, ma thermitors omwe ali ndi TCS yoyipa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, chifukwa ndi osavuta komanso otsika mtengo.
Mwamadongosolo, magalimoto onse a DTOZh ndi ofanana.Maziko a mapangidwewo ndi thupi lachitsulo (silinda) lopangidwa ndi mkuwa, mkuwa kapena zitsulo zina zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri.Thupi limapangidwa m'njira yoti gawo lake limalumikizana ndi kuzizira kozizira - apa pali thermistor, yomwe imatha kupanikizidwa ndi kasupe (kuti mulumikizane ndi mlanduwo modalirika).Pamwamba pa thupi pali kukhudzana (kapena kukhudzana) kuti agwirizane ndi sensa ku dera logwirizana lamagetsi a galimoto.Mlanduwu umapangidwanso ndi ulusi ndipo hexagon ya turnkey imapangidwira kuyika sensa mu makina oziziritsa injini.
Zowunikira kutentha zimasiyana momwe zimalumikizirana ndi ECU:
• Ndi cholumikizira chokhazikika chamagetsi - sensor ili ndi cholumikizira cha pulasitiki (kapena chipika) chokhala ndi olumikizana;
• Ndi kukhudzana ndi screw - kukhudzana kumodzi ndi screw clamping kumapangidwa pa sensa;
• Ndi kukhudzana kwa pini - pini imodzi kapena kukhudzana ndi spatula kumaperekedwa pa sensa.
Masensa amtundu wachiwiri ndi wachitatu ali ndi kukhudzana kumodzi kokha, kukhudzana kwachiwiri ndi thupi la sensa, lolumikizidwa ndi "nthaka" yamagetsi a galimoto kudzera mu injini.Masensa oterewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamagalimoto amalonda ndi magalimoto, pazida zapadera, zaulimi ndi zina.
Sensa yoziziritsa kuzizira imayikidwa pamalo otentha kwambiri a injini yozizirira - mu chitoliro chotulutsa mutu wa silinda.Pa magalimoto amakono, DTOZhS ziwiri kapena zitatu nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa nthawi imodzi, iliyonse imagwira ntchito yake:
• Chidziwitso cha thermometer (chizindikiro cha kutentha kozizira) ndichosavuta, chimakhala cholondola chochepa, chifukwa chimangothandiza kuyang'ana kutentha kwa magetsi;
• Sensa ya ECU pa kutuluka kwa mutu wa unit ndi sensor yodalirika komanso yolondola (yomwe ili ndi cholakwika cha 1-2.5 ° C), yomwe imakulolani kuti muwone kusintha kwa kutentha kwa madigiri angapo;
• Sensa yotulutsa mpweya - chida chothandizira chochepa cholondola, chomwe chimatsimikizira kuyatsa ndi kutseka kwanthawi yake kwa fan ya kuzizira kwa radiator yamagetsi.
Masensa angapo amapereka zambiri zokhudzana ndi kutentha komwe kulipo pamagetsi amagetsi ndikukulolani kuti muyang'ane ntchito yake modalirika.
Mfundo ya ntchito ndi malo a sensa kutentha mu galimoto
Kawirikawiri, mfundo ya ntchito ya sensor kutentha ndi yosavuta.Mpweya wokhazikika (kawirikawiri 5 kapena 9 V) umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sensa, ndipo magetsi amatsikira pa thermistor malinga ndi lamulo la Ohm (chifukwa cha kukana kwake).Kusintha kwa kutentha kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwa kukana kwa thermistor (kutentha kumakwera, kukana kumachepa, kutentha kumachepa, kumawonjezeka), motero kutsika kwa voteji mu gawo la sensa.Mtengo woyezera wa kutsika kwamagetsi (kapena m'malo mwake, voteji yeniyeni mu gawo la sensor) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thermometer kapena ECU kudziwa kutentha kwa injini.
Kuti muwone kutentha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, chipangizo chapadera chamagetsi chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi dera la sensa - ratiometric thermometer.Chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito ma windings awiri kapena atatu amagetsi, pakati pawo pali chida chosunthika chokhala ndi muvi.Mphepo imodzi kapena ziwiri zimapanga mphamvu ya maginito nthawi zonse, ndipo mafunde amodzi amaphatikizidwa mu gawo la sensa ya kutentha, kotero kuti mphamvu yake ya maginito imasintha malinga ndi kutentha kozizira.Chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa maginito osasunthika komanso kusinthasintha kwa maginito m'mapindiko, kumapangitsa kuti chombocho chizizungulira mozungulira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa singano ya thermometer pa kuyimba kwake.
Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mota m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndikuwongolera machitidwe ake, zowerengera zama sensor zimadyetsedwa kugawo lowongolera zamagetsi kudzera pawolamulira woyenera.Kutentha kumayesedwa ndi kukula kwa kutsika kwamagetsi mu gawo la sensa, chifukwa cha ichi mu kukumbukira kwa ECU pali matebulo a makalata pakati pa voteji mu dera la sensa ndi kutentha kwa injini.Kutengera izi, ma aligorivimu osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito makina akuluakulu a injini amayambika ku ECU.
Kutengera kuwerengera kwa DTOZH, magwiridwe antchito a makina oyatsira amasinthidwa (kusintha nthawi yoyatsira), mphamvu zamagetsi (kusintha mawonekedwe amafuta-mpweya wosakanikirana, kuchepa kwake kapena kulemeretsa, kuwongolera kwa msonkhano), kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya komanso ena.Komanso, ECU, malinga ndi kutentha kwa injini, imayika liwiro la crankshaft ndi makhalidwe ena.
Sensa ya kutentha pa radiator yozizira imagwira ntchito mofananamo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira fani yamagetsi.Pa magalimoto ena, kachipangizo kameneka kakhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi chachikulu kuti chiwongolere bwino machitidwe osiyanasiyana a injini.
Sensa ya kutentha imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'galimoto iliyonse yokhala ndi injini yoyaka mkati, ikawonongeka, iyenera kusinthidwa posachedwa - pokhapokha ngati ntchito yamagetsi yamagetsi mumtundu uliwonse idzatsimikiziridwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-24-2023