M'ma injini oyatsira mkati omwe ali ndi lamba wamakina ogawa gasi, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti lambayo ili yoyenera komanso kukhazikika kwake panthawi yogwira ntchito.Ntchitozi zimathetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi odzigudubuza odutsa, cholinga, mapangidwe ndi kusintha kwake zomwe zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi cholozera chodulira nthawi ndi chiyani?
The bypass (thandizo, wapakatikati, parasitic) wodzigudubuza ndi chinthu chothandizira lamba pagalimoto ya makina ogawa gasi (nthawi), pulley yozungulira yaulele yaying'ono, yomwe lamba wanthawiyo amazunguliridwa pamalo ena (kapena mfundo. ).
The time bypass roller imathetsa mavuto angapo:
• Kusintha maulendo a lamba (kutembenukira ku ngodya yofunikira) mogwirizana ndi malo a camshaft pulleys ndi zomata;
• Kuchotsa kugwedezeka kwa nthambi za lamba ndi kutalika kwake;
• Kukhazikika kwa lamba wa nthawi yogwira ntchito, kupewa zochitika za resonance, slippage, etc.;
• Kuchepetsa phokoso lonse la makina ogawa gasi.
Poyendetsa lamba wanthawi, chodzigudubuza chodulira nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, osachepera awiri, koma ma injini amakono ang'onoang'ono alibe magawo awa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, munthu sayenera kusokoneza wodzigudubuza ndi njira ina yofananira - wodzigudubuza.Wodzigudubuza wodzigudubuza amapereka mphamvu yofunikira ya lamba, kuteteza kuti isasunthike ndi kuwonongeka kwa injini, komanso imagwira ntchito yodutsa panjira.M'tsogolomu, tikambirana za bypass rollers.
Mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka ma bypass rollers
Mosasamala mtundu, zodzigudubuza zonse zimakonzedwa mofanana.Maziko a wodzigudubuza ndi kunyamula, pa mphete yakunja yomwe pulley imakanizidwa.Mzerewu ndi wozungulira (amawona katundu wolunjika pamtunda), mpira kapena wodzigudubuza, ukhoza kukhala mzere umodzi kapena mzere wapawiri.Kumapeto kwa chigawocho kumatha kutsekedwa ndi chivundikiro chachitsulo kapena manja kuti ateteze ku dothi, fumbi, madzi ndi madzi aluso.Pulley ndi zitsulo zosindikizidwa kapena pulasitiki yolimba, yosalekanitsidwa, kutengera mtundu wa injini, imakhala ndi m'lifupi mwake ndi m'mimba mwake.
Bypass rollers amatha kukhala ndi pulley yopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana:
• Chitsulo - aluminiyumu alloy kapena chitsulo;
•Pulasitiki.
Chitsanzo cha kuyendetsa nthawi yokhala ndi ma roller awiri odumphadumpha amitundu yosiyanasiyana
Pakalipano, odzigudubuza apulasitiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndi otsika mtengo kusiyana ndi zitsulo, pamene amapereka phokoso lochepa komanso kuchepetsa kulemera kwa dongosolo.Pulasitiki imatha kuvala, koma gwero la zodzigudubuza zamakono za pulasitiki ndizabwino, nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito nthawi yonseyi (pakati pakusintha lamba).
Zitsulo zodzigudubuza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zamphamvu komanso zodzaza kwambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kuonetsetsa kudalirika kwa kuyendetsa nthawi m'njira zonse.
Ma rollers amatha kukhala ndi ma pulley okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalo ogwirira ntchito (mipikisano):
• Yosalala - malo ogwirira ntchito ndi osalala, alibe zosokoneza;
• Corrugated - malo ogwirira ntchito ali ndi ma longitudinal grooves akuya osaya, mapangidwewa amachepetsa kukhudzana kwa pulley ndi lamba;
• Mano - malo ogwirira ntchito amanyamula mano opingasa, awa ndi mphuno ya mano yozungulira mwaulere.
Nthawi yomweyo, odzigudubuza okhala ndi pulley yosalala komanso yamalata amatha kupangidwa ndi pulasitiki ndi zitsulo zonse, ndipo zodzigudubuza zokhala ndi mano ndi zitsulo - zitsulo kapena zitsulo zotayidwa.
Wodzigudubuza wodutsa mano
Zodzigudubuza zosalala ndi grooved zimayikidwa m'njira yoti lamba amawaphimba ndi mbali yake yakumbuyo (yosalala).Zodzigudubuza za mano zimakonzedwa m'njira yoti lamba amawaphimba ndi mbali yake yogwirira ntchito (yamano).Kusintha ma rollers amtundu wina ndi wina sikuvomerezeka, chifukwa izi zimasintha mawonekedwe a dongosolo lonse ndipo zimadzaza ndi kuwonongeka kwa injini.
Pomaliza, ma roller pulleys, mosasamala mtundu, amatha kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri:
• Popanda makolala opondereza;
• Ndi makolala opondereza.
Kachiwiri, pulley kumbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse imakhala ndi makola aatali ang'onoang'ono omwe amalepheretsa lamba kuti asatengeke.Pazitsulo zosalala za pulasitiki ndi zitsulo, kolala, monga lamulo, imapanga gawo limodzi ndi pulley, imasindikizidwa, kuponyedwa kapena kutembenuzidwa.Pa odzigudubuza mano, kolala kumbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse zikhoza kupangidwa ngati mphete zochotsedwa, zomwe zimayikidwa pamene wodzigudubuza waikidwa pa injini.
Kuyika kwa bypass roller pa injini kumachitika m'njira ziwiri:
• Mwachindunji ku chipika cha injini;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito bulaketi ina.
Choyamba, chodzigudubuza chomwe chili ndi mphamvu yake chimakhazikika pa nsanja yoperekedwa mwapadera pa injini ya injini ndipo imayikidwa ndi bawuti imodzi (kupyolera mu makina ochapira owonjezera awiri).Chachiwiri, wodzigudubuza amakhazikika pa bulaketi, yomwe, nayonso, imayikidwa pa injini ya injini yokhala ndi mabawuti awiri kapena kuposa.
Kusankha, kusintha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma bypass rollers
Bypass rollers amatha kugwira ntchito ndipo amafunika kusinthidwa - opaleshoniyi imachitika nthawi imodzi ndikusintha lamba wanthawi ndi wodzigudubuza.Zigawo zonsezi, monga lamulo, zimagulitsidwa mu kit, kotero palibe chifukwa choyang'ana payokha chodzigudubuza ndi zomangira.Mukamagula lamba ndi zodzigudubuza, muyenera kuganizira zomwe wopanga injiniyo amapangira ndikusankha magawo amitundu yoyenera ndi manambala amndandanda.
Nthawi zina, wodzigudubuza akhoza kuwonongeka kapena kulephera kwathunthu.Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala mavuto pamayendedwe, pomwe phokoso lakunja limawonekera pakugwira ntchito kwa injini.Pulley yodzigudubuza imayambitsa mavuto pafupipafupi.Mulimonsemo, chodzigudubuza chiyenera kusinthidwa, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kugula gawo latsopano malinga ndi malangizo a wopanga ndikugwira ntchito motsatira malangizo okonza ndi kukonza galimotoyi.
Panthawi yogwira ntchito, chodzigudubuza chodutsa sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera, nthawi zambiri gawo ili limagwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndipo sizimayambitsa mavuto.
Thupi ndi mandala a nyali yamutu amalembedwa ndi mikhalidwe yake yayikulu ndi mitundu ya nyali zomwe zitha kukhazikitsidwa.Kuyika kwa magwero ena owunikira sikuvomerezeka (kupatulapo osowa), izi zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe a nyali yakutsogolo, ndipo chifukwa chake, galimotoyo siyidzayendera.
Nkhani zakusankha, kusintha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zamagalimoto
Kuti musankhe ma optics atsopano, ndikofunikira kuganizira kapangidwe kake, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe azinthu zakale, ndiye kuti muyenera kugula chowunikira chamtundu womwewo.Ngati tikukamba za nyali zachifunga kapena zowunikira ndi zowunikira zomwe sizinali pagalimoto, ndiye apa muyenera kuganizira za kuthekera koyika zida izi pagalimoto (kukhalapo kwa mabatani oyenera, etc.) ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pa kusankha nyali.Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa m'mitundu iwiri - yowonekera (yoyera) ndi gawo lachikasu la chizindikiro chotembenukira.Posankha nyali yokhala ndi gawo lachiwonetsero chachikasu, muyenera kugula nyali yokhala ndi babu yowonekera, posankha nyali yokhala ndi gawo lozungulira loyera, muyenera kugula nyali yokhala ndi babu yachikasu (amber).
M'malo nyali ikuchitika molingana ndi malangizo ntchito ndi kukonza galimoto.Pambuyo m'malo, ndikofunikira kusintha nyali zakutsogolo molingana ndi malangizo omwewo.Muzochitika zosavuta, ntchitoyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chinsalu - ndege yowongoka yokhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe nyali zamoto zimayendetsedwa, khoma, chitseko cha galasi, mpanda, ndi zina zotero.
Kwa mtengo wocheperako wa ku Europe (wokhala ndi mtengo wa asymmetric), ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti malire akumtunda kwa mbali yopingasa ya malo owala amakhala pansi pakatikati pa nyali zakutsogolo.Kuti mudziwe mtunda uwu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi:
h = H–(14×L×H)/1000000
kumene h ndi mtunda wochokera kumtunda wa nyali zamoto kupita kumalire akumtunda kwa malowo, H ndi mtunda wochokera pamsewu kupita pakati pa nyali, L ndi mtunda wochokera pagalimoto kupita ku chinsalu, gawo la kuyeza ndi mm.
Kuti musinthe, m'pofunika kuyika galimoto pamtunda wa mamita 5-8 kuchokera pazenera, mtengo h uyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 35-100 mm, malingana ndi kutalika kwa galimoto ndi malo a nyali zake.
Kwa mtengo wapamwamba, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti pakati pa mawanga owunikira ali pafupi theka la mtunda kuchokera kumtunda wa kuwala kwa nyali ndi malire a malo otsika a kuwala.Komanso, nkhwangwa zowala za nyali zowunikira ziyenera kulunjika kutsogolo, popanda kupatuka kumbali.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kusintha kwa nyali, galimotoyo idzalandira zida zowunikira zapamwamba zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira komanso zimatsimikizira chitetezo pamsewu poyendetsa mumdima.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2023