Mu injini zambiri zoyaka mkati, njira yogawa gasi imakhala ndi magawo omwe amatsimikizira kusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku camshaft kupita ku mavavu - pushers.Werengani zonse za matepi a valve, mitundu yawo, kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe ake, komanso kusankha kwawo ndikusintha m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi tappet ya valve ndi chiyani?
The valve tappet ndi gawo la njira yogawa gasi ya injini yoyaka mkati mwa pisitoni;chipangizo cholondolera nthawi, chomwe chimatumiza mphamvu ya axial kuchokera ku camshaft kupita ku valavu mwachindunji kapena kudzera muzinthu zothandizira (ndodo, mkono wa rocker).
Njira yogawa gasi ya injini iliyonse yoyaka mkati nthawi zambiri imakhazikitsidwa pazigawo zitatu zazikulu: camshaft, yomwe imazungulira molumikizana (koma ndi theka la liwiro la angular) ndi crankshaft, ma valve ndi kuyendetsa kwawo.The actuator of the valve mechanism imayang'anira malo a camshaft ndikuwonetsetsa kusuntha kwa mphamvu kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku ma valve.Zigawo zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati galimoto: ndodo, zida za rocker ndi zopanda ndodo, ndi zina.Nthawi zambiri, zida zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito - pushers.
Otsitsa nthawi amagwira ntchito zingapo:
● Amakhala ngati chiyanjano pakati pa camshaft cam ndi mbali zina za valve drive;
● Kupereka mphamvu zodalirika kuchokera ku camshaft cam kupita ku valve iliyonse;
● Gawani mofanana katundu wotuluka kuchokera ku kuzungulira kwa camshaft ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi;
● Kuonjezera moyo wautumiki wa magawo a nthawi ndikuthandizira kukonza kwake;
● Okankhira amitundu ina - amapereka mipata yofunikira ya kutentha pakati pa zigawo za nthawi ndi / kapena kuwongolera ndondomeko ya kusintha kwawo.
The valve tappet ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la nthawi, ngati injini yalephera kugwira ntchito yomwe injini imawonongeka kwambiri.Pakawonongeka, pusher iyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo kuti mupange chisankho choyenera cha gawo latsopano, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo ndi mapangidwe a pushers.
Mitundu ndi mapangidwe a ma tappets a valve
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito, pushers amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:
● Belleville;
● Cylindrical (pistoni);
● Wodzigudubuza;
● Zopangidwa ndi Hydraulic.
Aliyense wa pushers ali ndi mapangidwe ake ake ndi ntchito.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve tappets
Ma valve a poppet
Kawirikawiri, pusher yotere imakhala ndi ndodo ndi diski, yomwe imakhazikika pa camshaft cam.Pamapeto pa ndodo pali ulusi wokhazikitsa bolt yosinthira ndi locknut, yomwe mipata yotentha imasinthidwa.Gawo lothandizira la pusher limathandizidwa ndi kutentha (carburization) kuti awonjezere kukana kwake.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lothandizira (mbale), zokankhirazi zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
● Ndi chithandizo chathyathyathya;
● Ndi chithandizo chozungulira.
Okankhira amtundu woyamba amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi camshaft yokhala ndi makamera okhala ndi cylindrical yogwira ntchito.Makasitomala amtundu wachiwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma camshaft okhala ndi makamera a conical (okhala ndi malo ogwirira ntchito) - chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, pusher imazungulira panthawi ya injini, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuvala kwake yunifolomu.
Ma disk tappets tsopano sagwiritsidwa ntchito, adayikidwa pa injini zokhala ndi ma valve otsika kapena ozungulira ophatikizidwa kapena opanda ndodo.
Ma valavu a Cylindrical (piston)
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu yamakankha amtunduwu:
● cylindrical dzenje;
● Magalasi pansi pa belu;
● Magalasi pansi pa valve.
Pachiyambi choyamba, pusher imapangidwa ngati silinda yotsekedwa, yomwe, kuti ipangitse mapangidwewo, imakhala ndi mazenera ndi mawindo mkati.Pamapeto pake pali ulusi wosinthira bawuti yokhala ndi loko.Zokankhira zotere sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri masiku ano, chifukwa zimakhala zazikulu komanso zimawonjezera miyeso ya nthawi yonse.
Chachiwiri, pusher amapangidwa ngati galasi laling'ono laling'ono, mkati mwake kuti chopumira (chidendene) chimapangidwira kuyika ndodo ya pusher.Mawindo akhoza kupangidwa m'makoma a gawo kuti atsogolere izo ndi mafuta abwinobwino.Opondereza amtunduwu amapezekabe pamagulu akale amphamvu okhala ndi camshaft yapansi.
Chachitatu, chopukutiracho chimapangidwa ngati galasi lalikulu lalikulu, mkati mwake momwe malo olumikizirana amapangidwira kutsindika kumapeto kwa tsinde la valve.Nthawi zambiri, chopondera chimakhala chopanda mipanda, pansi pake ndi malo olumikizirana ndi kutentha (zowumitsidwa kapena zowuma).Zigawo zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zimayikidwa mu injini zokhala ndi camshaft yapamwamba komanso valavu yolunjika.
Mtundu wa cylindrical pusher wa valve ndi pusher yokhala ndi chosinthira chosinthira chomwe chimayikidwa pansi (kamera ya camshaft imatsutsana nayo).Washer akhoza kukhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, m'malo mwake amachitidwa ndi kusintha mipata yotentha.
Zovala za valve roller
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya okankha amtunduwu:
● Kutha;
● Chingwe.
Poyamba, pusher imapangidwa ngati ndodo ya cylindrical, yomwe m'munsi mwake imayikidwa pazitsulo zopangira singano, ndipo chopumira (chidendene) cha ndodo chimaperekedwa kumapeto.Chachiwiri, gawolo limapangidwa ngati chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi chothandizira chimodzi, pamapewa pomwe chogudubuza chimayikidwa ndipo pali chopumira cha ndodo.
Zipangizo zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mainjini okhala ndi camshaft yotsika, sizipezeka pamagetsi atsopano.
Ma tapps a hydraulic valve
Ma hydraulic pushers (hydraulic lifters) ndi njira yamakono kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamainjini ambiri.Okankha amtunduwu ali ndi makina opangira ma hydraulic osinthira mipata yotentha, yomwe imangosankha mipata ndikuwonetsetsa kuti injiniyo ikuyenda bwino.
Maziko a mapangidwe a pusher ndi thupi (lomwe limagwira ntchito limodzi ndi plunger), lopangidwa ngati galasi lalikulu.Mkati mwa thupi muli silinda yosunthika yokhala ndi valavu yoyendera yomwe imagawaniza silinda m'mabowo awiri.Kunja kwa nyumba yonyamula ma hydraulic, groove yozungulira imapangidwa ndi mabowo operekera mafuta ku silinda kuchokera ku injini yothira mafuta.Pusher imayikidwa kumapeto kwa tsinde la valve, pomwe poyambira pathupi pake amalumikizana ndi njira yamafuta pamutu wa block.
The hydraulic pusher imagwira ntchito motere.Panthawi yomwe camshaft cam imathamangira ku pusher, silinda imakumana ndi kupanikizika kuchokera ku valavu ndikukwera mmwamba, valavu yoyang'ana imatseka ndikutseka mafuta omwe ali mkati mwa silinda - dongosolo lonse limayenda lonse, kuonetsetsa kutsegulidwa kwa valve. .Panthawi ya kupanikizika kwakukulu pa pusher, mafuta ena amatha kulowa m'mipata pakati pa silinda ndi thupi la pusher, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kwa malo ogwira ntchito.
Mapangidwe a hydraulic pusher (hydraulic lifter)
Kamera ikathawa pa pusher, valavu imadzuka ndikutseka, panthawiyi thupi la pusher liri moyang'anizana ndi njira yamafuta mumutu wa silinda, ndipo kukakamiza kwa silinda kumatsika mpaka pafupifupi ziro.Chotsatira chake, mafuta omwe amachokera kumutu amagonjetsa mphamvu ya kasupe ya valavu yowunikira ndikutsegula, kulowa mu silinda (mochuluka, mu chipinda chotulutsira mkati mwake).Chifukwa cha kupanikizika komwe kumapangidwa, thupi la pusher limakwera (popeza silinda imakhazikika motsutsana ndi tsinde la valve) ndikupumira motsutsana ndi camshaft cam - umu ndi momwe kusiyana kumasankhidwa.M'tsogolomu, ndondomekoyi ikubwerezedwa.
Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito injini, pamwamba pa matepi, makamera a camshaft ndi malekezero a ma valve amayambira amatha ndikuwonongeka, ndipo chifukwa cha kutentha, miyeso ya mbali zina za makina ogawa imasintha pang'ono, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kosalamulirika. chilolezo.Ma tapeti a Hydraulic amalipira zosinthazi, nthawi zonse kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe mipata komanso kuti makina onse amagwira ntchito bwino.
Nkhani zakusankha ndikusintha ma tappets a valve
Aliyenseokankha, mosasamala kanthu za kutentha kwa malo awo ogwirira ntchito, amawonongeka pakapita nthawi kapena kusokonezeka, kusokoneza ntchito ya injini.Mavuto ndi ma pushers amawonetseredwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa injini, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwina kwa nthawi ya valve.Kunja, zovuta izi zimawonetsedwa ndi phokoso lamoto, lomwe limadziwika mosavuta ndi amisiri odziwa bwino ntchito.Komabe, pankhani ya injini zonyamula ma hydraulic, phokoso mutangoyamba si vuto.Chowonadi ndi chakuti injini itatha, mafuta amasiya matepi ndi njira zamutu, ndipo masekondi angapo oyambirira samapereka kusankha kwa mipata - izi zimawonetsedwa ndi kugogoda.Pambuyo pa masekondi angapo, dongosololi likukhala bwino ndipo phokoso limatha.Ngati phokoso likuwoneka kwa masekondi oposa 10-12, ndiye kuti muyenera kumvetsera momwe akukankhira.
Zokankhira zolakwika ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zatsopano zamtundu womwewo ndi manambala amakatalogu.M'malo ayenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto, ntchito imeneyi kugwirizana ndi tsankho disassembly ya yamphamvu mutu ndipo amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera (kwa kuyanika mavavu ndi ena), choncho ndi bwino khulupirirani kwa akatswiri.Pambuyo posintha ma pushers, ndikofunikira kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi, koma ngati zida za hydraulic zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chokonzekera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-14-2023