Magalimoto ambiri akumbuyo komanso onse amagalimoto amakhala ndi ma gearbox omwe amatembenuza ndikusintha torque.Maziko a ma gearbox amenewa ndi awiriawiri bevel - werengani zonse za makina awa, mitundu yawo, mapangidwe ndi ntchito, komanso kusankha kwawo kolondola ndi kusintha m'nkhani.
Kodi conical pair ndi chiyani?
Bevel pair ndi mtundu wamagetsi otumizira magalimoto ndi zida zina, zopangidwa ndi magiya awiri a bevel, nkhwangwa zake zomwe zimakhala pakona (nthawi zambiri zowongoka) kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Pakutumiza kwa magalimoto, mathirakitala ndi makina, komanso zida zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kusintha komwe kumayendera ma torque.Mwachitsanzo, m'magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu akumbuyo, makokedwe omwe amaperekedwa ndi shaft ya propeller ndi perpendicular kwa axle axis, ndipo kutuluka uku kuyenera kuzunguliridwa madigiri 90 kuti ayendetse mawilo.Mu mathirakitala a mawilo a MTZ okhala ndi ekseli yakutsogolo, njira yoyendetsera ma torque iyenera kutembenuzidwa katatu, chifukwa ma axles a mawilo ali pansi pa olamulira a mtengo.Ndipo m'magawo ambiri, makina ndi zida, ma torque amayenera kuzunguliridwa mosiyanasiyana kangapo.Muzochitika zonsezi, sitima yapamtunda yapadera yotengera magiya awiri a bevel imagwiritsidwa ntchito - awiri a bevel.
Conical pair ili ndi ntchito ziwiri zazikulu:
- Kuzungulira kwa torque pamakona ena (nthawi zambiri madigiri 90);
- Kusintha kuchuluka kwa torque.
Vuto loyamba limathetsedwa ndi mapangidwe a magiya a bevel pair, nkhwangwa zomwe zili pamakona wina ndi mzake.Ndipo vuto lachiwiri limathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito magiya okhala ndi mano osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake sitima yamagetsi yokhala ndi magiya ena imapangidwa.
Ma giya a bevel amatenga gawo lofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa njira zambiri zotumizira ndi makina ena, ngati giya imodzi kapena onse atha kapena kusweka, awiriwo ayenera kusinthidwa.Koma musanagule conical pair yatsopano, muyenera kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka makina awa, mitundu yake yomwe ilipo, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito.
Mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka ma conical pairs
Ma bevel awiri aliwonse amakhala ndi magiya awiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe a bevel a malo oyamba, ndi nkhwangwa zopingasa.Ndiko kuti, magiya awiriwa ali ndi mawonekedwe a bevel, ndipo amakhala kumanja kapena kosiyanasiyana wina ndi mnzake.
Ma bevel awiriawiri amasiyana mu mawonekedwe a mano ndi dongosolo la magiya ogwirizana wina ndi mnzake.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti magiya a bevel pair, kutengera cholinga, ali ndi dzina lawo:
● Kuyendetsa ndi cogwheel;
● Kapolo ndi chida.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a mano, ma conical pairs ndi awa:
● Ndi mano owongoka;
● Ndi mano opindika;
● Ndi mano ozungulira;
● Ndi mano ang'onoang'ono (oblique).
Magiya okhala ndi mano owongoka ndiwosavuta kupanga - amadulidwa mofananira ndi gudumu.Mano ozungulira ndi ovuta kwambiri, amadulidwa mozungulira mozungulira m'mimba mwake.Mano a Tangential (kapena oblique) amafanana ndi mano owongoka, komabe, amapatuka kuchokera ku giya.Zovuta kwambiri ndi mano a curvilinear, chilema chomwe chimayikidwa ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana (ntchito).Zosiyanasiyana zotere mu mawonekedwe a mano a magiya a bevel amafotokozedwa ndi kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa magiya ndi phokoso lawo.Magiya okhala ndi mano owongoka amalimbana ndi katundu wocheperako, amakhalanso phokoso kwambiri.Zida za mano oblique sizikhala ndi phokoso ndipo zimayenda bwino.Ndipo katundu wamkulu amatha kupirira magiya okhala ndi mano opindika komanso ozungulira, nawonso amakhala opanda phokoso.
Malinga ndi momwe magiya alili, awiriwa amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
● Wamba, ndi ma vertices osakanikirana a malo oyambirira a magiya (ndiko kuti, ngati mukuganiza kuti magiya ali ngati ma cones, ndiye kuti ma vertices awo adzalumikizana panthawi imodzi);
● Hypoid, yokhala ndi ma vertices osunthika a malo oyamba a magiya.
Kokonikoniphatikizani ndi dzino lozunguliraMano opindika a Hypoid okhala ndi dzino lopindika
Poyamba, nkhwangwa za magiya zili mu ndege imodzi, chachiwiri - mu ndege imodzi, nkhwangwa zimachotsedwa.Magiya a Hypoid amatha kupangidwa ndi magiya a bevel okhala ndi mano oblique kapena opindika, amakhala ndi katundu wambiri ndipo amagwira ntchito mwakachetechete.
Magiya a bevel amatha kupangidwa nthawi imodzi ndi shaft kapena mosiyana nawo.Nthawi zambiri, shaft imakhala ndi magiya ang'onoang'ono, magiya akulu a ma axle gearbox amakhala ndi dzenje lalikulu lamkati kuti akhazikike panyumba zosiyanitsira.Magiya amapangidwa ndi magiya apadera achitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana - kutembenuza ndi mphero, kugwedeza, kupondaponda ndikutsatiridwa ndi knurling, ndi zina zotero. Mawiri a Conical amafunikira kudzoza kosalekeza kwa ntchito yawo, ndipo mitundu yapadera yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi a hypoid.
Kuchita ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa magiya a bevel
Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zamagiya a bevel ziyenera kuwunikira:
● Gear ratio - yowerengedwa kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha mano a giya ndi gudumu (nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 1.0 mpaka 6.3, ngakhale kuti ingakhale yosiyana kwambiri);
● Ma module ozungulira apakati ndi akunja;
● Miyeso ya geometric ya magiya.
Palinso magawo ena a magiya a bevel, koma pakugwira ntchito kapena kukonza ma gearbox kapena njira zina, sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Dziwani kuti ku Russia mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a magiya a bevel amakhazikika, magiya ndi makinawo amapangidwa molingana ndi GOST 19325-73 (zofala magiya onse otengera magiya a bevel), 19624-74 ), 19326-73 (magiya okhala ndi mano ozungulira), GOST 1758-81 ndi ena.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma conical pairs m'magalimoto
Magiya a Bevel amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mabokosi otumizira magalimoto pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana:
Bevel pair ndi imodzi mwa maziko a gearbox ya drive axle
● Monga giya yaikulu mu ma gearbox a ma axles oyendetsa kumbuyo ndi magalimoto onse.Kawirikawiri, kufalitsa kotereku kumapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a magiya amitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imodzi (kapolo) imayikidwa mwachindunji panyumba yosiyana.Zida zoyendetsa galimoto imodzi zimapangidwira pamodzi ndi shaft, zida ziwiri zimapangidwa ndi shaft ndi zida zina (bevel kapena cylindrical);
● Monga ma gearbox apamwamba ndi otsika a ma axle akutsogolo a mathirakitala.M'mabokosi apamwamba, magiya onse amatha kukhala ndi mano ndi miyeso yofanana, amapangidwa nthawi imodzi ndi ma shaft awo.M'mabokosi otsika, zida zoyendetsedwa zimapangidwa ndi mainchesi akulu ndipo zimakhala ndi mapangidwe apadera olumikizirana ndi gudumu;
● M'mayunitsi osiyanasiyana opatsirana ndi machitidwe ena.Ma Conical awiriwa amatha kukhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa.
Chifukwa chake, galimoto imatha kukhala ndi imodzi (pagalimoto yokhala ndi ekseli imodzi) mpaka atatu (magalimoto oyendetsa ma gudumu atatu) kapena kupitilira apo (m'magalimoto amitundu yambiri okhala ndi ma wheel drive) ma bevel awiri, komanso mathirakitala. ndi chitsulo choyendetsa kutsogolo pali mapeyala anayi a bevel, osachepera njira imodzi yotereyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito potumiza thirakitala kuti mutembenuzire torque ku shaft yochotsa mphamvu.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha mawonekedwe a conical molondola
Panthawi yoyendetsa galimotoyo, ma conical awiri amakumana ndi katundu wofunika kwambiri - ndi kudzera mwa iyo kuti torque yonse ya injini imaperekedwa ku axle yoyendetsa galimoto, ndipo imakhudzidwanso ndi kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka chifukwa cha kugwirizana ndi zina. magawo.Zotsatira zake, m'kupita kwa nthawi, mano a magiya amatha pa malo okhudzana, tchipisi ndi kuumitsa kumatha kuwoneka mwa iwo, ndipo nthawi zina mano amang'ambika kwathunthu.Zonsezi zimawonetseredwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina komanso phokoso lowonjezereka.Ngati akukayikiridwa kuti vuto linalake, makina ayenera disassembled ndi kufufuzidwa, ngati zida kusweka, awiri bevel ayenera m'malo.Sizomveka kusintha giya imodzi yokha, chifukwa pamenepa makina posachedwapa adzakhala gwero la mavuto kachiwiri.
Awiri a conical amayenera kutengedwa kuti alowe m'malo, omwe amapangidwa, kukula ndi mawonekedwe amafanana ndi makina omwe adayikidwa kale.Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kusankha makina omwe ali ndi chiŵerengero cha zida zosiyana, zomwe zingathandize kuyendetsa galimoto.Komabe, m'malo motere kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala komanso ndi chidaliro chonse kuti ndizotheka komanso kulungamitsidwa - izi zitha kunenedwa ndi wopanga yekha kapena akatswiri.
Kusintha kwa zida za bevel kuyenera kuchitika motsatira malangizo okonzekera galimoto kapena thirakitala.Kawirikawiri, ntchito imeneyi imafuna kulowererapo kwakukulu mu chitsulo choyendetsa galimoto ndi bokosi la gear - kuti m'malo mwa magiya, m'pofunika kusokoneza chitsulocho ndi makina ake.Nthawi zina, zonyamula ndi zosindikiza ziyenera kusinthidwa - ziyenera kugulidwa pasadakhale.Mukayika magiya ndikuphatikiza ma gearbox, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira omwe amalimbikitsa.Ndipo kukonza kukatsirizika, kupuma pang'ono kwa gearbox ndikofunikira.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kusinthidwa kwa conical pair, njira yopatsirana yokonzedwa idzagwira ntchito modalirika, ikugwira ntchito zake m'njira zonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023