Anti-lock braking system (ABS) imayang'anira magawo a kayendetsedwe ka galimoto molingana ndi kuwerengera kwa masensa omwe amaikidwa pa gudumu limodzi kapena angapo.Phunzirani za chomwe sensor ya ABS ndi chifukwa chake ikufunika, ndi mitundu yanji, momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso mfundo zomwe ntchito yake idakhazikitsidwa - fufuzani m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi sensor ya ABS ndi chiyani
Sensor ya ABS (komanso sensa yamagalimoto othamanga, DSA) ndi sensor yosalumikizana ndi liwiro la kuzungulira (kapena liwiro) la magudumu a magalimoto okhala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zotetezera zamagetsi ndi makina othandizira othandizira.Masensa othamanga ndi zinthu zazikulu zoyezera zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa anti-lock braking system (ABS), stability control system (ESC) ndi traction control.Komanso, zowerengera za sensa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina ena owongolera ma transmission, miyeso ya kuthamanga kwa matayala, kuyatsa kosinthika ndi zina.
Magalimoto onse amakono ndi magalimoto ena ambiri okhala ndi mawilo ali ndi masensa othamanga.Pamagalimoto onyamula, masensa amayikidwa pa gudumu lililonse, pamagalimoto amalonda ndi magalimoto, masensa amatha kuyikidwa pa mawilo onse komanso mumayendedwe amtundu wa ma axle (imodzi pa axle).Choncho, odana ndi loko mabuleki machitidwe akhoza kuwunika mmene mawilo onse kapena mawilo a ma axles pagalimoto, ndipo potengera mfundo imeneyi, kusintha ntchito dongosolo braking.
Mitundu ya masensa a ABS
Ma DSA onse omwe alipo agawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
• Zosasintha - zochititsa chidwi;
• Yogwira - magnetoresistive ndi zochokera ku Hall masensa.
Masensa osasunthika safuna magetsi akunja ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, koma amakhala ndi zolondola zochepa komanso zovuta zingapo, kotero masiku ano sagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono.Masensa a Active ABS amafunikira mphamvu kuti agwire ntchito, ndizovuta kwambiri pamapangidwe komanso okwera mtengo, koma amapereka zowerengera zolondola kwambiri komanso zodalirika pogwira ntchito.Choncho, masiku ano masensa ogwira ntchito amaikidwa pamagalimoto ambiri.
DSA yamitundu yonse ili ndi mitundu iwiri:
• Molunjika (mapeto);
•Pakona.
Masensa achindunji ali ndi mawonekedwe a silinda kapena ndodo, pamapeto pake pomwe chinthu chozindikira chimayikidwa, kwina - cholumikizira kapena waya wokhala ndi cholumikizira.Masensa ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira kapena waya wokhala ndi cholumikizira, komanso amakhala ndi pulasitiki kapena bulaketi yachitsulo yokhala ndi dzenje la bawuti.
Kupanga ndi kugwira ntchito kwa masensa ochititsa chidwi a ABS
Iyi ndiye sensor yosavuta kwambiri pamapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito.Zimatengera chilonda cha inductor chokhala ndi waya woonda wamkuwa, womwe mkati mwake muli maginito amphamvu okhazikika komanso pachimake chachitsulo.Mapeto a koyilo yokhala ndi maginito pachimake amakhala moyang'anizana ndi gudumu lachitsulo (pulse rotor), lokhazikika pamagudumu.Mano a rotor ali ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi, mtunda pakati pa mano ndi wofanana kapena wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa m'lifupi mwake.
Kuchita kwa sensa iyi kumatengera zochitika za electromagnetic induction.Popumula, palibenso pakalipano mu coil ya sensor, chifukwa imazunguliridwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito yosalekeza - palibe chizindikiro pakutulutsa kwa sensor.Pamene galimoto ikuyenda, mano a pulse rotor amadutsa pafupi ndi magnetic core of the sensor, yomwe imayambitsa kusintha kwa maginito omwe amadutsa pa coil.Zotsatira zake, mphamvu ya maginito imakhala yosinthasintha, yomwe, malinga ndi lamulo la electromagnetic induction, imapanga magetsi osinthika mu coil.Izi zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi lamulo la sine, ndipo kusinthasintha kwa kusintha kwamakono kumadalira kuthamanga kwa rotor, ndiko kuti, pa liwiro la galimoto.
Masensa othamanga othamanga amakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu - amayamba kugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati liwiro linalake lagonjetsedwa ndikupanga chizindikiro chofooka.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuti ABS ndi machitidwe ena azigwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zolakwika.Chifukwa chake, ma DSA amtundu wa inductive masiku ano akupereka njira kwa omwe ali otsogola kwambiri.
Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masensa othamanga kutengera gawo la Hall
Zomverera zozikidwa pa zinthu za Hall ndizofala kwambiri chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo komanso kudalirika.Zimachokera ku Hall effect - kuchitika kwa kusiyana kosiyana komwe kungatheke mu ndege yoyendetsa ndege yomwe imayikidwa mu mphamvu ya maginito.Kondakitala wotereyo ndi mbale yachitsulo yachitsulo yomwe imayikidwa mu microcircuit (Hall Integrated circuit), yomwe ilinso ndi magetsi oyendera magetsi omwe amapanga chizindikiro cha digito.Chip ichi chimayikidwa mu sensa ya liwiro.
Mwamadongosolo, DSA yokhala ndi Hall element ndiyosavuta: imakhazikika pa microcircuit, kumbuyo komwe kuli maginito osatha, ndipo chitsulo chachitsulo-maginito chimatha kupezeka mozungulira.Zonsezi zimayikidwa mumlandu, kumbuyo komwe kuli cholumikizira chamagetsi kapena cholumikizira chokhala ndi cholumikizira.Sensa ili moyang'anizana ndi pulse rotor, yomwe imatha kupangidwa ngati giya lachitsulo kapena mphete yokhala ndi zigawo za maginito, pulse rotor imayikidwa mwamphamvu pa gudumu.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito sensor ya Hall ndi motere.Dongosolo lophatikizika la Hall nthawi zonse limapanga chizindikiro cha digito ngati mawonekedwe amtundu wa ma frequency angapo.Popuma, chizindikirochi chimakhala ndi mafupipafupi ochepa kapena palibe.Kumayambiriro kwa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto, magawo a maginito kapena mano ozungulira amadutsa pa sensa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwamakono mu sensa - kusintha kumeneku kumayang'aniridwa ndi dera loyesa, lomwe limapanga chizindikiro.Kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro cha pulse kumadalira kuthamanga kwa gudumu, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anti-lock braking system.
DSA yamtunduwu ilibe zovuta za masensa ochititsa chidwi, amakulolani kuyeza kuthamanga kwa mawilo kuchokera ku centimita yoyamba ya kayendedwe ka galimoto, ndi zolondola komanso zodalirika pakugwira ntchito.
Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masensa a anisotropic magnetoresistive speed
Magnetoresistive liwiro masensa amachokera ku mphamvu ya anisotropic magnetoresistive, yomwe ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya zinthu za ferromagnetic pamene mawonekedwe awo amasintha poyerekeza ndi mphamvu ya maginito yokhazikika.
Chofunikira cha sensa ndi "keke wosanjikiza" wa mbale ziwiri kapena zinayi zoonda za permalloy (aloyi yapadera yachitsulo-nickel), yomwe ma conductors achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kugawa mizere ya maginito mwanjira inayake.Ma mbale ndi ma conductor amayikidwa mu gawo lophatikizika, lomwe limakhalanso ndi gawo loyesa kuti lipange chizindikiro chotuluka.Chip ichi chimayikidwa mu sensa yomwe ili moyang'anizana ndi pulse rotor - mphete ya pulasitiki yokhala ndi zigawo zamaginito.Mpheteyo imayikidwa mwamphamvu pa gudumu.
Kugwira ntchito kwa masensa a AMR kumabwera motere.Popuma, kukana kwa mbale za ferromagnetic za sensa kumakhalabe kosasinthika, kotero kuti chizindikiro chotulutsa chopangidwa ndi dera lophatikizidwa sichisintha kapena sichinakhalepo.Galimotoyo ikamayenda, magawo a maginito a pulse ring amadutsa pa sensor sensing element, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwina kwa mizere ya maginito.Izi zimabweretsa kusintha kwa kukana kwa mbale za permalloy, zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi dera lowunika - chifukwa chake, chizindikiro cha digito chimapangidwa pakupanga kwa sensa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana ndi liwiro la galimoto.
Dziwani kuti masensa a magnetoresistive amakulolani kuti muzitha kuyang'ana osati kuthamanga kwa mawilo, komanso momwe amazungulira komanso nthawi yoyimitsa.Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa pulse rotor yokhala ndi zigawo za magnetized: ma sensor oyang'anira osati kusintha komwe kumayendera maginito, komanso kutsatizana kwa mizati ya maginito kudutsa chinthu chomva.
Ma DSA amtundu uwu ndi odalirika kwambiri, amapereka kulondola kwakukulu poyesa kuthamanga kwa magudumu ndikugwira ntchito bwino kwa machitidwe otetezera galimoto.
Mfundo wamba ntchito masensa liwiro monga mbali ya ABS ndi machitidwe ena
Anti-lock braking systems, mosasamala kanthu za masensa omwe amaikidwa mmenemo, ali ndi ntchito yofanana.Chigawo chowongolera cha ABS chimayang'anira chizindikiritso chochokera ku masensa othamanga ndikuchifanizira ndi ziwonetsero zomwe zidawerengedweratu za liwiro komanso kuthamanga kwagalimoto (zizindikirozi ndizodziwika pagalimoto iliyonse).Ngati chizindikiro chochokera ku sensa ndi magawo olembedwa mu unit control zimagwirizana, dongosololi silikugwira ntchito.Ngati chizindikiro chochokera ku sensa imodzi kapena zingapo chikusiyana ndi mapangidwe apangidwe (ndiko kuti, mawilo atsekedwa), ndiye kuti dongosololi likuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la brake, kuteteza zotsatira zoipa za kutseka mawilo.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito a anti-lock braking ndi machitidwe ena otetezeka agalimoto atha kupezeka m'nkhani zina patsamba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-24-2023