M'magalimoto ambiri amawilo, mawilo amagwiridwa ndi kachingwe kamene kamakhala pa axle kudzera mu mayendedwe apadera.Werengani zonse za ma hub bearings, mitundu yawo yomwe ilipo, mapangidwe ake, mawonekedwe ake ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, komanso masankhidwe olondola ndikusintha magawowa m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi hub ndi chiyani?
Hub yonyamula (kunyamula magudumu) - msonkhano wapansi (kuyimitsidwa kwa magudumu) yamagalimoto oyenda;Kuzungulira kwa mapangidwe amodzi kapena ena, komwe kumapereka kulumikizana, kuyanjanitsa ndi kuzungulira kwaulere kwa gudumu la gudumu pa axle.
A wheel bear amagwira ntchito zingapo:
● Kuwonetsetsa kuthekera kwa kuzungulira kwa hub pa axle (trunnion) ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu zotsutsana;
● Kulumikizana kwamakina kwa hubu ndi ekseli (trunnion) kapena chowongolero;
● Kuyika pakati pa nsonga pa axis;
● Kugawidwa kwa ma radial ndi lateral mphamvu ndi ma torque omwe amafalitsidwa kuchokera ku gudumu kupyolera mu kanyumba kupita ku chitsulo ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto, ndi mbali ina;
● Kutsitsa ma axle shaft a axle yoyendetsa - gudumu silimagwiridwa pazitsulo, koma limakhazikika pazitsulo zowongolera, trunnion kapena mtengo wa axle.
Mapiritsi a magudumu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza mawilo a mawilo onse a magalimoto ndi magalimoto, mabasi, mathirakitala ndi zida zina, mawilo oyendetsa mathirakitala a makalasi ang'onoang'ono oyenda (nthawi zambiri mawilo akumbuyo amalumikizidwa molimba ndi ma axle shafts), komanso m'magudumu agalimoto zamagalimoto okhala ndi ma electromechanical transmission.Chovala cha hub ndichofunikira kwambiri pagalimoto yagalimoto, chifukwa chake ngati zasokonekera, ziyenera kusinthidwa.Koma musanagule chotengera, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mitundu yake, kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a ma hub bearings
Mapiritsi ogubuduza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa ma hubs pa ma axles, omwe, ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso yodalirika, amapereka kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zolimbana.Kawirikawiri, mapangidwe a chiberekero ndi ophweka: awa ndi mphete ziwiri - zakunja ndi zamkati - pakati pake pali mndandanda wa zinthu zozungulira zomwe zimatsekedwa mu khola (ma mesh opangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena pulasitiki omwe amatsimikizira malo olondola a zinthu zogubuduza. ).Malo amkati amadzazidwa ndi mafuta, mipata pakati pa mphetezo imatsekedwa ndi zophimba kuti zisawonongeke kutulutsa mafuta ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mkati mwa kunyamula.Mapangidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayendedwe amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, monga tafotokozera pansipa.
Mapiritsi a magudumu amagawidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu zogubuduza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mayendedwe omwe akuwoneka.
Malinga ndi matupi ozungulira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zonyamula ndi:
● Mpira - kugudubuza kumachitika pa mipira yachitsulo;
● Wodzigudubuza - kugudubuza kumachitika pa conical rollers.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malinga ndi malo a zinthu zogubuduza, zonyamula zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
● Mzere umodzi;
● Mizere iwiri.
Pachiyambi choyamba, pali mzere umodzi wa mipira kapena odzigudubuza pakati pa mphete, wachiwiri - mizere iwiri iliyonse.
Malingana ndi momwe amayendera, ma hub bearings ndi awa:
● Radial-thrust;
● Kudzigwirizanitsa ndi ma radial-thrust.
Zimbalangondo zolumikizana ndi angular zimatenga mphamvu zomwe zimawongoleredwa mozungulira (pambali mwa radius) komanso motsatira.Izi zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwabwino kwa mayendedwe, mosasamala kanthu za kayendedwe ka mawilo - kaya kugwedezeka mu ndege yowongoka (pamene mukuyendetsa misewu yosagwirizana), kapena kupatuka kwa gudumu kuchokera kumtunda wautali (kutembenuka kwa chiwongolero). mawilo, katundu ofananira nawo pa mawilo pamene akugonjetsa radii kapena pamene akuyendetsa ndi otsetsereka, mbali zotsatira pa mawilo, etc.).
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, ma bere odziyimira okha amalipira kusalinganika kwina kwa axle ndi hub, kuchepetsa kukula kwa magawo.
Mwamapangidwe, zonyamula zamitundu yomwe takambiranazi ndizosiyana.
Mzere umodzi wokhala ndi mizere yolumikizana nayo.Amakhala ndi mphete ziwiri, pomwe ma roller a conical amapangidwa, olekanitsidwa ndi olekanitsa.Malo amkati a bere amadzazidwa ndi mafuta, amatetezedwa kuti asatseke ndi kutayikira pogwiritsa ntchito mphete ya O.Mbali yamtunduwu ndi yosalekanitsidwa.
Mizere iwiri yolumikizana ndi mizere yolumikizirana ndi mizere yodziyika yokha.Amakhala ndi mphete ziwiri zazikulu, zomwe mizere iwiri ya mipira imagwedezeka, yolekanitsidwa ndi olekanitsa wamba.Zovala zodziyimira pawokha, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera amkati mwa mphete, zimathandizira kusuntha mizere ya mipira yokhudzana ndi chitsulo cha trunnion.Ma bere ochiritsira amtunduwu ndi osapatukana, odziyimira pawokha - amatha kukhala osapatukana kapena kugundika.
Zodzigudubuza za mizere iwiri.Iwo ali ndi mapangidwe ofanana ndi oyambirira.Kawirikawiri, odzigudubuza amtundu uliwonse amakhala ndi makonzedwe a galasi - gawo lalikulu la odzigudubuza kunja.Udindowu umatsimikizira kugawidwa kofanana kwa katundu ndi kuyanjanitsa kwa magawo.Zimbalangondo zamtunduwu sizimalekanitsidwa.
Pomaliza, zonyamula magudumu zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo:
● mayendedwe pawokha;
● Ma bearings amaphatikizidwa kukhala gawo limodzi lokhala ndi koyambira.
Hub yokhala ndi mizere iwiri yolumikizana yodzigwirizanitsa yokha
Mtundu woyamba ndi mayendedwe ochiritsira, omwe amatha kukhazikitsidwa ndikuphwasulidwa popanda kusintha magawo ena okwerera.Mtundu wachiwiri ndi mayendedwe ophatikizidwa mu gudumu la magudumu, kotero sangathe kusinthidwa mosiyana.
Malo oyikapo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma wheel bearings
Ma hub bearings amagawidwa m'magulu angapo kutengera malo oyika komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito:
● Makwerero a ma hubs a ma wheel drive (ma gudumu akutsogolo ndi magalimoto onse);
● Makwerero a ma hubs a ma wheel wheel drive (magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo);
● Mapiritsi a ma hubs a magudumu osayendetsedwa (magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo, komanso magalimoto anayi okhala ndi ma axle osayendetsa);
● Ma bearing a ma hubs oyendetsa mawilo osalamulirika (magalimoto akumbuyo ndi magalimoto onse).
Mitundu ina ya ma bearings imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma axles ndi ma hubs:
● M'mabwalo a mawilo owongolera a magalimoto onyamula anthu - mipira ya mizere iwiri kapena zodzigudubuza;
● M'malo oyendetsa mosalamulirika komanso mawilo oyendetsedwa agalimoto zoyendetsedwa - zonse ziwiri za mizere iwiri kapena zodzigudubuza (m'magalimoto amakono), ndi ma fani awiri opindika (m'magalimoto ambiri otulutsidwa koyambirira, kuphatikiza apanyumba);
● M'mabwalo a magudumu onse a magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto ndi magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo, mabasi, mathirakitala ndi zipangizo zina (kupatulapo kawirikawiri) pali ma bere awiri odulidwa.
Kukwera kwa ma bearings kumachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana.Pamawilo akumbuyo a magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo, chotengera cha hub chimayikidwa pa trunnion, ndipo malo omwewo kapena ng'oma ya brake imayikidwa pa mphete yake yakunja.Magalimoto ofananirako ndi magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo ali ndi mapangidwe omwewo, koma apa mayendedwe awiri amayikidwa pa ekisi.Pamagudumu akutsogolo a magalimoto oyendetsa ma gudumu akutsogolo, chotengeracho chimayikidwa pachowongolero, ndipo chiwongolerocho chimayikidwa mkati mwa mpheteyo.
Mapangidwe a msonkhano wa hub wa mawilo akumbuyo a magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo
Nkhani zakusankha, kusintha ndi kukonza kwa hub
Magudumu amanyamula katundu wambiri, choncho amatha kuvala mofulumira komanso kusweka.Pakakhala kung'ung'udza kwa ma bearings, kuyendetsa galimoto kumasokonekera, pali kubweza kosalephereka kwa ma hubs ndikutenthedwa kwamisonkhano yamtunduwu kumawonedwa, zonyamula ziyenera kufufuzidwa.Zikapezeka kuti zatha kapena zosweka, ziyenera kusinthidwa.
Ma bearing a mitundu ndi manambala a catalog omwe adayikidwa kale ayenera kusankhidwa kuti alowe m'malo.Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusintha mtundu wa gudumu, chifukwa izi zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe a chassis mosayembekezereka.Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pa kusankha mayendedwe tapered anaika awiriawiri - nthawi zina iwo akhoza m'malo paokha paokha wina ndi mzake, nthawi zina okha awiriawiri m'malo n'zotheka.Ndipo ngati galimotoyo imagwiritsa ntchito ma hubs okhala ndi mayendedwe ophatikizika, ndiye kuti muyenera kugula msonkhano wonsewo - sikutheka kusinthana m'malo mwake.
Mapiritsi a magudumu amayenera kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa motsatira malangizo okonzekera galimoto iyi (basi, thirakitala), ndipo pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kuchita zowongolera zomwe zafotokozedwa mu malangizo a magawo awa.Ngati mwaganiza zosintha nokha, muyenera kusungira chida chapadera chokanikiza ndi kukanikiza mayendedwe, apo ayi ntchitoyi siitheka.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kusinthidwa, komanso kukonza mayendedwe a magudumu nthawi zonse, chassis ya galimotoyo idzagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi muzochitika zilizonse kwa makilomita zikwi makumi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-05-2023