Pazosintha zamakono za injini za KAMAZ, makina oziziritsa mafuta amaperekedwa, omangidwa pa unit imodzi - chowotcha mafuta.Werengani zonse za zigawozi, mitundu yawo, mapangidwe, mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kusankha koyenera, kukonzanso ndi kusinthidwa kwa osinthanitsa kutentha m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi chosinthira mafuta cha KAMAZ ndi chiyani?
Mafuta osinthanitsa ndi kutentha kwamafuta (LMT) ndi gawo la zokometsera ndi kuziziritsa kwa mayunitsi amphamvu kwambiri a dizilo;Chotenthetsera chopangidwa mwapadera chomwe chimapangidwira mu makina ozizirira amadzimadzi a injini, omwe amapereka kuziziritsa kwamafuta a injini chifukwa cha kusinthana kwa kutentha ndi kutuluka kwa ozizira.
Dongosolo lopaka mafuta amphamvu a KAMAZ dizilo limagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta, mafuta nthawi zonse amakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri ndipo amataya makhalidwe ake.Munjira zina, mafuta a injini amatha kutenthedwa, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kukhuthala kwake ndi kununkhira kwake, komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika.Pamapeto pake, mafuta otenthedwa kwambiri amasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a injini ndipo amatha kuyipangitsa kulephera.Vutoli limathetsedwa poyambitsa chinthu choziziritsa mafuta - chotenthetsera kutentha - mumayendedwe opaka mafuta a injini za KAMAZ.
Chotenthetsera mafuta ndi gawo lofunikira la makina opangira mafuta ndi kuziziritsa kwa injini, zimatsimikizira kuchotsedwa kwa kutentha kochulukirapo kuchokera kumafuta chifukwa chakusinthana kwa kutentha komwe kumayendera ndi makina ochapira ozizira (ozizira).Ichi ndichifukwa chake zida zamtunduwu zimatchedwa osinthanitsa kutentha kwamafuta amadzimadzi, kapena LMT.Chigawo ichi chimagwira ntchito zingapo:
- Kuzizira pang'ono kwa mafuta pa kutentha kwa injini zosakwana madigiri 100;
- Kuziziritsa mafuta onse kulowa injini pa kutentha osiyanasiyana madigiri 100-110;
- Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pazakudya ndikuwonjezera moyo wake;
- Kuonetsetsa kutentha kwabwino kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana a injini - chifukwa cha LMT, kutentha kwa mafuta sikutsika pansi pa kutentha kozizira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti injini ikhale yotentha kwambiri, kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa makina, ndi zina zotero;
- Kufewetsa kamangidwe ka njira yozizirira mafuta ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa injini ndikuwonetsetsa momwe ntchito yake ikuyendera.
Masiku ano, osinthanitsa kutentha amayikidwa mu injini za dizilo za KAMAZ zambiri zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo ya Euro-2 ndi kupitilira apo, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi onse ali m'njira zonse.Chowotcha chowotcha cholakwika chiyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa mwamsanga, koma musanagule gawo latsopano, muyenera kumvetsetsa mapangidwe ndi ntchito za zipangizozi.
Mapangidwe ndi mfundo zoyendetsera mafuta a KAMAZ osinthanitsa mafuta
Pa injini za KAMAZ, mitundu yokha ya chipolopolo ndi chubu (tubular) yamtundu wa chipolopolo ndi chubu (tubular) yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.Mwamakhalidwe, gawoli ndi losavuta, lili ndi magawo awa:
● Thupi (chotengera);
● Pakatikati ndi chopotoka;
● Kulowetsa kochuluka;
● Kutulutsa kochuluka.
Maziko a kapangidwe kake ndi aluminium cylindrical body (casing), pakhoma lomwe ma ngalande ndi malo odzaza amapangidwa kuti alumikizane ndi chipika chamafuta (kuyika kumachitika kudzera pa gaskets).Malekezero a casing amatsekedwa ndi zophimba zapadera zokhala ndi ma nozzles - zolowera ndi zotuluka, choyamba chimapereka zoziziritsa kukhosi kuchokera ku jekete lamadzi la silinda mkati mwa nyumbayo, ndipo chachiwiri chimapatutsa madziwo kubwerera ku injini yozizira.Kubowola ndi mayendedwe amapangidwa pathupi kuti akhazikitse mavavu odutsa, omwe amaonetsetsa kuti mafuta amadutsa podutsa chotenthetsera kutentha pomwe pachimake chake chatsekedwa.
Pakatikati pamayikidwa mkati mwake - gulu la machubu amkuwa okhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala kapena amkuwa omwe amayikidwa mu phukusi la zitsulo zopingasa.Pachimake pali mbale zisanu ndi gawo lotuluka, lomwe limagawaniza gawo lonse mu magawo anayi, zomwe zimapereka kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka mafuta.Kumbali imodzi ya pachimake pali flange, yomwe, pakuyika, imakhala kumapeto kwa thupi, mbali inayo mbali inayi imakhala ndi m'mimba mwake kuti igwirizane molimba, ndipo pali mphete zingapo za O. izo.Mapangidwe awa amatsimikizira kulekanitsa kwa kutuluka kwa ozizira ndi mafuta, kuwalepheretsa kusakaniza.Ndipo njira yoyenera yoyendetsera mafuta, chopotoka chili mbali imodzi ya pachimake - mphete yachitsulo yotseguka yokhala ndi kagawo.
Mapangidwe a mafuta otenthetsera a KAMAZ
Mu LMT yosonkhanitsidwa, chotenthetsera chotenthetsera chokhala ndi maulendo awiri odzipatula chimapangidwa: choziziritsa kuzizira chimayenda kudzera mu machubu apakati, ndipo mafuta amayenda pakati pa machubu ndi makoma a casing.Chifukwa cha kulekanitsa pachimake m'magawo anayi, njira yoyendetsera mafuta ikuwonjezeka, zomwe zimakwaniritsa kutentha kwabwino kwa choziziritsa kukhosi.
LMT imayikidwa pa injini ya injini yokhala ndi chotchinga chamafuta (valavu ya thermopower yomwe imayang'anira kutuluka kwa mafuta kudzera muchotenthetsera kutentha imapezekanso pano), zoperekera zake ndi zotuluka zimalumikizidwa ndi mapaipi ofananira pa cylinder block.Muzojambula zambiri, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chipika pogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chachifupi, ndipo kutulutsa kotulutsa kumalumikizidwa ndi malo odzaza.
LMT imagwira ntchito motere.Pamene kutentha kwa injini kuli pansi pa madigiri 95, valavu yamagetsi yotentha imatsekedwa, kotero kuti mafuta onse otuluka pampu ya mafuta amadutsa muzosefera ndipo nthawi yomweyo amalowa mu makina opangira mafuta.Kutentha kukakwera pamwamba pa madigiri a 95, valavu imatsegulidwa, ndipo gawo la mafuta kuchokera ku zosefera limatumizidwa ku LMT - apa limadutsa mkati mwa casing mozungulira pachimake, limapereka kutentha kwakukulu kwa ozizira kudutsa mapaipi, ndipo kokha. ndiye akulowa dongosolo mafuta injini.Pamene kutentha kumakwera pamwamba pa madigiri a 100, valavu yotentha imayendetsa mafuta onse kuchokera ku zosefera kupita ku LMT.Ngati pazifukwa zilizonse kutentha kwa injini kupitirira madigiri 115, kuziziritsa kwa mafuta mu LMT kumakhala kosagwira ntchito ndipo kutenthedwa kungathe kuchitika - chizindikiro chofananira pa dashboard chimachenjeza za kuyamba kwadzidzidzi.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa osinthanitsa kutentha kwamafuta pamagalimoto a KAMAZ
LMTs anaika kokha pa injini dizilo KAMAZ 740 zosintha zosiyanasiyana Euro-2, 3 ndi 4 makalasi zachilengedwe.Mitundu iwiri yosinthira kutentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano:
● Catalog nambala 740.11-1013200 - kusinthidwa kwachidule;
● Catalog nambala 740.20-1013200 ndikusintha kwanthawi yayitali.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zigawozi kumakhala mu mapangidwe a osonkhanitsa ndipo, chifukwa chake, mu njira yolumikizira dongosolo lozizira.Mu LMT yaifupi, zochulukira zotulutsa zimakhala ndi malo odzaza kumapeto kuti amangirire chitoliro pogwiritsa ntchito mabawuti kapena ma studs.Zowotcha zotentha zokhala ndi zochulukira zotere ndizoyenera kuyika injini zambiri za KAMAZ zamakalasi osiyanasiyana achilengedwe.Mu LMT yayitali pamtunda wotuluka pali chitoliro cholumikizira payipi ndi chotchinga chachitsulo.Kupanda kutero, mbali zonse ziwiri ndizofanana ndipo zitha kulumikizidwa kumagulu amtundu wamba.
Kuyika chowotcha mafuta a KAMAZ pagawo losefera mafuta
Komanso, m'madera a kutentha kwa kutentha, chifukwa cha zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka, ming'alu ndi ming'alu zimachitika zomwe mafuta amalowa muzozizira.Vuto lomwelo limawonedwa pamene zinthu zosindikizira zatha kapena kuwonongeka.Pankhaniyi, LMT iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa kwathunthu.Masiku ano, pali zida zosiyanasiyana zokonzera pamsika zomwe zimakhala ndi ma gaskets, cores, manifolds ndi mbali zina.Ngati kukonzanso sikungatheke kapena kosatheka, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kusintha gawolo kwathunthu.Ntchito yonse ikuchitika motsatira malangizo a kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto.Musanayambe kukonza, zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi gawo limodzi la mafuta zimatsanulidwa, pambuyo posinthidwa, madzi onse amabweretsedwa pamlingo womwe mukufuna.Pambuyo pake, LMT imafuna kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse ndi kutsimikizira ma valve panthawi iliyonse yokonza.
Ngati chowotcha chotenthetsera chimasankhidwa ndikuyika bwino, ndiye kuti mafuta a injini nthawi zonse amakhala ndi kutentha koyenera, kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lamagetsi likuyenda bwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023