Magalimoto ali ndi zida zamakono zowunikira - nyali zamagalimoto a LED.Chilichonse chokhudza nyali izi, mawonekedwe ake, mitundu yomwe ilipo, kulemba zilembo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kusankha kolondola ndikusintha nyali za LED, zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Cholinga cha nyali zamagalimoto a LED
Nyali yagalimoto yamagalimoto (nyali ya LED, nyali ya LED) ndi gwero lamagetsi lamagetsi lotengera ma diode otulutsa kuwala (LED) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyali ndi zida zowunikira zamagalimoto.
M'magalimoto amakono, mathirakitala ndi makina osiyanasiyana pali magwero angapo owunikira - zowunikira, zowunikira, zowunikira, magetsi oyimitsa magalimoto, magetsi oyendera masana, zowunikira zamagalimoto, nyali zachifunga, kuyatsa mkati (kuphatikiza kuyatsa kwachipinda chamagetsi), magetsi oyambira, dashboard. magetsi, etc. Kwa zaka zambiri, nyali za incandescent za mapangidwe osiyanasiyana zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa zasinthidwa kwambiri ndi magetsi a semiconductor - nyali za LED.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za LED m'magalimoto kuli ndi zabwino zitatu:
● Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu - Ma LED okhala ndi mphamvu yowunikira yofananira ndi nyali za incandescent amawononga kwambiri masiku ano;
● Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yautumiki pokonza nyali - Ma LED amakhala ndi nthawi yotalikirapo kuposa nyali za incandescent, choncho amafunikira kusinthidwa kawirikawiri (ndipo, motero, amachepetsa mtengo wogula nyali zatsopano);
● Kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kwa magetsi owunikira - Mababu a LED ndizitsulo zolimba zomwe zilibe filaments, choncho zimagonjetsedwa ndi kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka.
Pakadali pano, nyali za LED zimapangidwa zomwe zimatha kusintha nyali zonse m'galimoto.Komabe, pakusankha koyenera kwa magwero owunikira awa, muyenera kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe awo, mawonekedwe ndi plinth.
Mapangidwe ndi Makhalidwe a Nyali Zagalimoto za LED
Mwachidziwitso, nyali zamagalimoto za LED zimakhala ndi zigawo zitatu: nyumba yomwe ma LED amodzi kapena angapo amayikidwa, ndi maziko oyika nyali muzitsulo.Nyaliyo imachokera ku kuwala kwa buluu ma LED - zipangizo zamagetsi zochokera ku kristalo wa zinthu za semiconductor (nthawi zambiri gallium nitride yosinthidwa ndi indium), momwe phokoso la pn limapangidwira, ndipo phosphor imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wotulutsa.Pamene zamakono zikudutsa mu LED, kusintha kwake kumatulutsa mtundu wa buluu, womwe umasinthidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa phosphor kukhala woyera.Mu nyali zotsika mphamvu, ma LED 1-3 amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mu nyali zowala - mpaka 25 LEDs kapena kuposa.
Ma LED amayikidwa pa mbale yotchinga kapena nyumba yopangidwa ndi insulating, nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala ndi chitetezo ngati babu lagalasi (monga nyali wamba wamba).Msonkhano woterewu wa LED umalumikizidwa ndi chitsulo kapena pulasitiki, kudzera momwe magetsi amaperekera ma LED kuchokera pamagetsi agalimoto.
Mababu oyendera magalimoto a LED
Pa mitundu ina ya nyali, mphamvu yayikulu yotentha imatha kutayidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwawo ndi kulephera.Kuti achotse kutentha kwa nyali zotere, zida zowonjezera zimalowetsedwa mu kapangidwe kake - kachitidwe kozizira komanso kogwira ntchito.Kuzizira kosasunthika kumaperekedwa ndi ma heatsinks a aluminium omwe ali mbali ina ya msonkhano wa LED.The heatsink nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zipsepse, zomwe zimawonjezera gawo la gawolo ndikuwongolera kutulutsa kutentha ndi convection.Ma Radiators ali ndi nyali zowunikira zotsika kwambiri - zamithunzi ya salon, magetsi othamanga masana, nyali zachifunga, ndi zina zambiri.
Njira zoziziritsa zogwira ntchito zimamangidwa pamaziko a radiator ndi fan, zomwe zimapereka kuwomba kwakukulu kwa radiator kuti muchotse kutentha kochulukirapo.Faniyi imatha kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse nyali ikayaka, kapena kuyendetsedwa ndi makina omwe amawunika kutentha kwa chipangizocho.Makina ozizira ozizira amakhala ndi nyali zamphamvu zowunikira zowunikira.
Galimoto LED nyali zilipo kwa muyezo voteji voteji - 6, 12 ndi 24 V, ali ndi mphamvu ya mayunitsi watts, kwa mbali zambiri izo n'zosiyana kotheratu ndi nyali incandescent.
Kulemba ndi maziko a nyali za LED
Ziyenera kunenedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti nyali zamagalimoto a LED amapangidwa ndi mitundu yofanana ya zipewa monga nyali zanthawi zonse za incandescent - izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukhazikitsa mitundu yonse ya zowunikira m'galimoto popanda kusintha magetsi.Nthawi yomweyo, polemba nyali za LED, mutha kupeza mayina angapo - mtundu wa maziko ndi mtundu wa nyali yofananira ya incandescent.Kuyika kotereku kumathandizira kusankha zowunikira, ngati kuli kofunikira, m'malo mwa nyali ya incandescent ndi ya LED kapena mosemphanitsa.
M'dziko lathu, pali miyezo ingapo ya nyali, pakati pawo ndi muyezo wapakati pazoyambira GOST IEC 60061-1-2014 (imagwira ntchito pamagwero amitundu yonse, kuphatikiza magalimoto, nyumba, ndi zina).Mogwirizana ndi chikalatachi komanso miyezo yofananira yaku Europe (IEC ndi DIN), nyali zamagalimoto zitha kukhala ndi zisoti izi:
● BA - pini (bayonet), zikhomo zimakhala zogwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake;
● BAY - pini (bayonet), pini imodzi imasunthidwa mu msinkhu wogwirizana ndi inzake;
● BAZ - pini (bayonet), pini imodzi imasunthidwa mu msinkhu ndi utali wosiyana ndi wina;
● E - ulusi (wosagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amakono);
● P - flanged;
● SV - nyali ya soffit yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri;
● W - nyali zokhala ndi galasi, mogwirizana ndi nyali za LED - zokhala ndi pulasitiki (nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa nyali zopanda maziko).
Mitundu ya maziko ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyali zamagalimoto za LED
Mlozera wa manambala wa cholembacho ukuwonetsa m'mimba mwake kapena m'lifupi mwake, ndipo chilembo pambuyo pa nambala chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe ena.Mwachitsanzo, maziko wamba a BA15s ndi mapini a mainchesi 15 mm okhala ndi mapini awiri opangidwa molingana ndi kulumikizana kumodzi, kukhudza kwachiwiri kumaseweredwa ndi galasi la maziko.Ndipo BA15d ndi maziko omwewo, koma ndi otsogolera awiri (ozungulira kapena oval), gawo la kukhudzana kwachitatu limaseweranso ndi galasi la maziko.
Mofanana ndi chizindikiritso cha zipewa, kuyika chizindikiro chofanana ndi chizindikiritso cha nyali zanthawi zonse zamagalimoto zamagalimoto zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, nyali za T5 ndi T10 ndi nyali zazing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zisoti zamtundu wa W5W.Maziko oterowo amapangidwa ngati mbale ya pulasitiki, mbali zonse ziwiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndi waya zikuwonetsedwa.Nyali za Soffit nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa C5W ndi FT10.Ndipo chizindikiro cha nyali za nyali za LED zimayikidwa ndi nyali za halogen - kuchokera ku H1 mpaka H11, HB1, HB3, HB4, etc.
Muyeneranso kufotokoza kuti mitundu ina ya zisoti za nyali zimayikidwa pa digito.Mwachitsanzo, BA15 plinths mu mfundo zina amalembedwa "1156/1157", lonse plinths W21 amalembedwa "7440/7443", etc.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha nyali yamoto ya LED
Posankha nyali ya LED (kapena nyali zingapo) za galimoto, muyenera kuganizira mtundu wa maziko ndi mawonekedwe a magetsi a magetsi.Monga lamulo, malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, kukonza ndi kukonza galimotoyo amasonyeza mtundu wa magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maziko awo - awa ndi malangizo omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa pogula.Muyeneranso kuganizira voteji ya galimoto pa bolodi network, ndi kusankha nyali zoyenera.
Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusankhidwa kwa nyali zokhala ndi mabasiketi a bayonet (pini) ndi nyali za soffit.Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zipewa za BA, BAY ndi BAZ zimatha kukhala pini imodzi ("s" chizindikiro) ndi mapangidwe a pini ziwiri ("d" chizindikiro), ndipo sizisinthana.Nthawi yomweyo, nyali zokhala ndi zolumikizira ziwiri zozungulira komanso zowulungika zitha kukhazikitsidwa mu katiriji yomweyo popanda zoletsa.Pofuna kupewa kulakwitsa, m'pofunika kumvetsera chizindikiro chonse cha gwero la kuwala.
Nyali Zagalimoto Zochenjeza za LED
Nyali za Soffit zili ndi maziko omwewo okhala ndi mainchesi 7 mm (SV7 base, mtundu C10W) ndi 8.5 mm (SV8.5 base, mtundu C5W), komanso amasiyana m'litali - akhoza kukhala 31, 36 ndi 41 mm.
Pomaliza, posankha nyali za LED kuti ziziwonetsa mayendedwe ndi magetsi oyimitsa magalimoto, muyenera kuganizira kuti ndi zoyera ndi amber (lalanje).Polemba nyali zamtundu wachiwiri, chilembo "Y" ("chikaso") chilipo, ali ndi babu kapena fyuluta yokhala ndi mtundu wa amber, yomwe imapatsa moto mtundu womwe ukufunidwa pogwiritsa ntchito diffuser yowonekera.
Kusintha kwa nyali za LED kumachitika motsatira malangizo a kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto.Mukamachita izi, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mphamvu zamagalimoto agalimoto.Kusintha kwa nyali nthawi zambiri kumatsikira pakuchotsa choyikapo nyali (kuchotsa denga kapena choyatsira, ngati nyali zakutsogolo, kuzichotsa ndi / kapena kuzichotsa pang'ono), kukhazikitsa nyali mu socket yoyenera, ndikuyiphatikizanso.
Ngati nyali ya LED yasankhidwa ndikuyika molondola, ndiye kuti kuwala kwake kudzatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino kwa galimotoyo kwa zaka zambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-12-2023