Chochuluka cha mayunitsi wokwera anaika pa injini ya MTZ (Belarus) mathirakitala ali tingachipeze powerenga lamba pagalimoto zochokera V-lamba.Werengani zonse za malamba a MTZ, mawonekedwe ake, mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, komanso kusankha kwawo kolondola ndikusintha.
Kodi lamba wa MTZ ndi chiyani?
Lamba wa MTZ - malamba osatha (mphete) a mphira wa mphero, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza makokedwe kuchokera ku crankshaft kupita kumagulu okwera a injini za thirakitala zopangidwa ndi Minsk Tractor Plant (MTZ, Belarus).
Pamaziko a kufalitsa V-lamba, ma drive a zida zosiyanasiyana amamangidwa, omwe ayenera kugwira ntchito injini ikugwira ntchito: pampu yamadzi, chowotcha chozizira, jenereta yamagetsi, kompresa pneumatic ndi air conditioner compressor.Kuyendetsa lamba kumayendetsedwa ndi ma pulleys okwera pa crankshaft ya injini ndi ma shafts a mayunitsi, ndi lamba wa rabara wa mbiri yoyenera ndi kutalika kwake.Kuyendetsa uku ndikosavuta komanso kodalirika, koma lambayo imatha kuvala ndikuwonongeka, chifukwa chake iyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.Kuti musankhe bwino lamba, muyenera kudziwa za mitundu ya mankhwalawa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa thirakitala ya MTZ, mawonekedwe awo komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
Mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a malamba a MTZ
Pamagulu amagetsi a zida za chomera cha Minsk, malamba okhazikika a rabara amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amasiyana ndi gawo, mbiri, mtundu wa chingwe, kukula kwake ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malamba onse ali ndi mapangidwe okhazikika.Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi chingwe chonyamula katundu - chingwe, chomwe chimayikidwa mkati mwa thupi la lamba wopangidwa ndi mphira wovunda mwanjira ina, ndipo kunja kumatetezedwa ndi nsalu yokulunga.Malinga ndi mtundu wa wosanjikiza wonyamula katundu, malamba amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
● Ndi polyamide (nayiloni) chingwe;
● Ndi chingwe cha polyester.
Malamba a MTZ ndi V-malamba - gawo lawo lodutsa ndi mphero yokhala ndi maziko osalala kapena otambalala pang'ono komanso maziko opapatiza owongoka.Zogulitsa zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa m'lifupi ndi kutalika:
● Lembani I - malamba amtundu wopapatiza;
● Mtundu wachiwiri - malamba oyenda bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zamagawo onsewa zitha kukhala ndi mbiri yosiyana (mtundu wa maziko opapatiza):
● Lamba wosalala - wokhala ndi maziko owongoka opapatiza;
● Lamba wanthawi - mano opingasa amapangidwa patsinde lopapatiza.
V-lamba kapangidwe
Malamba okhala ndi nthawi amakhala otanuka kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi utali wopindika wocheperako, womwe umapangitsa kudalirika kwamphamvu kwa lamba.Komabe, m'thupi la malamba osalala, katunduyo amagawidwa mofanana, kotero amakhala olimba, makamaka pamikhalidwe yowonjezereka yamakina ndi kutentha.
Mathirakitala a MTZ amagwiritsa ntchito malamba osiyanasiyana, omwe amagawidwa m'magulu angapo malinga ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito:
● Kwa mathirakitala okhala ndi injini za D-242, D-243, D-245 mizere (zoyambirira komanso zamakono MTZ-80/82, 100/102, zitsanzo zoyambirira Belarus-550, 900, 1025, 1220.1);
● Kwa mathirakitala okhala ndi injini za D-260, D-265 mizere (zoyambira Belarus-1221, 1502, 1523, 2022);
● Kwa mathirakitala okhala ndi injini za Lombardini (zoyambira Belarus-320, 622).
Malinga ndi cholinga, malamba amagawidwa m'mitundu iyi:
● Kuyendetsa pampu yamadzi (lamba wokhala ndi mtanda wa 16 × 11 mm, kutalika kwa 1220 mm, yosalala);
● Pampu yamadzi ndi fan drive (lamba wokhala ndi mtanda wa 11 × 10 mm, 1250 mm yosalala, ndi mano);
● Pneumatic compressor drive (lamba wokhala ndi gawo la 11 × 10 mm, kutalika kwa 1250 mm yosalala ndi mano, lamba wokhala ndi gawo la 11 × 10 ndi kutalika kwa 875 mm kwa injini za Lombardini);
● Kuyendetsa kwa air conditioner compressor (lamba wokhala ndi mtanda wa 11 × 10 mm, kutalika kwa 1650 mm);
● jenereta pagalimoto (lamba ndi gawo mtanda wa 11 × 10 mm, kutalika 1180 mamilimita yosalala ndi toothed, lamba ndi gawo mtanda wa 11 × 10 mm, kutalika 1150 mamilimita toothed, lamba ndi gawo mtanda wa 11 × 10 mm, kutalika 975 mamilimita mano kwa injini Lombardini).
Malamba otchuka kwambiri amaperekedwa m'mitundu iwiri - yosalala komanso ya mano, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana anyengo.Malamba a nthawi amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera otentha komanso otentha (matembenuzidwe "T" ndi "U" amagulu osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kutentha mpaka + 60 ° C), ndi malamba osalala - kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera onse, kuphatikizapo ndi nyengo yozizira (mtundu "HL" wamagulu osiyanasiyana, ndi kutentha kwa ntchito mpaka -60 ° C).Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha lamba watsopano.
Apa tikuwona kuti malamba onse a MTZ ndi otchedwa malamba amakupiza omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira za GOST 5813-2015 (ndi mitundu yake yoyambirira).Dzina lakuti "fan" siliyenera kukhala losokoneza - zinthu za rabara izi ndi malamba oyendetsa galimoto omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagalimoto a magulu osiyanasiyana.
Lamba woyendetsa ma injini okwera amatha kukhala mzere umodzi komanso mizere iwiri.Pachiyambi choyamba, unityo ili ndi V-pulley imodzi yokha ndi galimoto pa lamba umodzi.Pachiwonetsero chachiwiri, kapu yapawiri (zingwe ziwiri) imayikidwa pa unit ndi crankshaft, yomwe ma V-lamba awiri amadutsa.Kutumiza kwa lamba wa V-mizere iwiri ndikodalirika, kuyika kwa malamba kumalepheretsa kupotoza ndikuchepetsa mwayi wotsetsereka poyambitsa injini komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.Masiku ano, pa injini zosiyanasiyana, amene ali ndi mathirakitala MTZ, mukhoza kupeza njira zonse pagalimoto.
Nkhani zakusankha ndikusintha malamba a MTZ
V-malamba amakumana ndi zisonkhezero zachilengedwe (makamaka ma thirakitala a MTZ amitundu 80, 320, 422, 550, 622, 1025, 1221 ndi mawonekedwe awo otseguka a injini), kutentha kwakukulu ndi katundu wofunikira wamakina, motero pakapita nthawi amasweka. , kutambasula, kutulutsa ndi kusiya kugwira ntchito zawo.Muzochitika zonsezi, lamba ayenera kusinthidwa.
Kusankha lamba wa thirakitala sikovuta kwambiri - chatsopanocho chiyenera kukhala ndi gawo lofanana ndi kutalika kwake monga yakale.Nthawi zambiri, miyeso ya malamba imawonetsedwa pamtunda wawo wosagwira ntchito (lonse), mutha kudziwanso mawonekedwe a lamba kuchokera pamalangizo kapena pamndandanda wa zida zosinthira injini kapena thirakitala.Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi gawo la 11 × 10 mm ndi malamba okhala ndi gawo lopapatiza (mtundu I), zinthu zomwe zili ndi gawo la 16 × 11 ndi malamba okhala ndi gawo labwinobwino (mtundu II), ndi sizisinthana.Choncho, ngati mukufuna lamba pagalimoto pa mpope madzi a injini D-242, ndiye lamba ofanana ndi injini D-260 sangakhoze kuikidwa m'malo ake, ndi mosemphanitsa.
Ngati injini imagwiritsa ntchito pawiri V-lamba pagalimoto, tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha malamba onse nthawi imodzi, apo ayi lamba wakale wotsalira pawiriwo ukhoza kukhalanso gwero lamavuto.
Chitsanzo cha kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha mphamvu ya malamba alternator ndi pampu yamadzi ya injini ya D-260
Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pa kusankha malamba a mathirakitala malinga ndi nyengo ya madera awo omwe amawakonda.Pazida zomwe zimagwira ntchito kumadera ozizira, malamba osalala okha mu mtundu wa "HL" ndioyenera.Kuyika malamba a nthawi mu "T" kapena "U" m'nyengo yozizira kungayambitse kusweka - lamba woteroyo amakhala olimba kwambiri mu kuzizira, ming'alu ndi kugwa ngakhale ndi katundu wochepa.Kwa mathirakitala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yofunda, m'malo mwake, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito malamba m'mapangidwe otentha, kuphatikizapo mano - amatha kukana kutentha ndikukhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha kukulitsa, chomwe chimalepheretsa kutalika kwawo kwakukulu pa kutentha kwakukulu.
Monga lamulo, m'malo malamba pa mathirakitala MTZ sikovuta - nthawi zambiri m`pofunika kuchepetsa mavuto ake ndi kumasula yomanga wa unit (nthawi zambiri jenereta) kapena tensioning chipangizo, kuchotsa lamba wakale, kuika latsopano ndi sinthani zovuta.Lamba watsopanoyo ayenera kukhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga injini ndikufotokozedwa m'malangizo ofunikira.Kuti mugwire bwino lamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera chokhala ndi dynamometer.Kusintha "ndi diso" sikuvomerezeka - ndi zovuta zofooka, malamba amatha kusweka (omwe sali ovomerezeka kwa mayunitsi ena, mwachitsanzo, pampu yamadzi, chifukwa injiniyi idzatentha kwambiri) ndikutha mwamphamvu, komanso kupsinjika kwamphamvu, lamba lidzatambasula ndikuthandizira kuvala kwambiri kwa mayendedwe ndi magawo ena a mayunitsi.
Kusankha bwino, unsembe ndi kusintha malamba pagalimoto MTZ - chinsinsi ntchito odalirika injini ndi thirakitala lonse mu mikhalidwe iliyonse.
Chitoliro cha tubular exhaust clamp
Ma tubular clamps amapangidwa ngati chitoliro chachifupi chokhala ndi chodulidwa chotalikirapo (kapena mapaipi awiri ogawanika amalowetsedwa wina ndi mnzake) okhala ndi zingwe ziwiri m'mphepete.Mtundu uwu wa clamp ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikiza mapaipi kumapeto mpaka kumapeto ndi kuphatikizika, kuonetsetsa kudalirika kwakukulu komanso kulimba kwa kukhazikitsa.
Kuyika clamps
Zomangamanga zokwera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupachika thirakiti lotulutsa mpweya ndi magawo ake pawokha pansi pa chimango / thupi lagalimoto.Chiwerengero chawo mu dongosolo akhoza kukhala mmodzi mpaka atatu kapena kuposa.Ma muffler clamps awa ali amitundu ikuluikulu itatu:
- Kugawanika kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe;
- Detachable magawo awiri;
- Ma theka a zotsekera za magawo awiri ochotsedwa.
Mabokosi ogawanitsa ndizitsulo zosunthika komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika mapaipi, ma mufflers ndi mbali zina zautsi wamagetsi pazinthu zonyamula katundu.Muzosavuta kwambiri, chotchingacho chimapangidwa ngati chotchinga cha tepi chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi zisonyezo zomangirira ndi screw (bolt).Zotsalira zimatha kukhala zopapatiza komanso zazikulu, pomaliza zimakhala ndi zolimba zotalikirapo ndipo zimamangidwa ndi zomangira ziwiri.Nthawi zambiri, mabatani oterowo amapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a U-magawo kapena magawo ozungulira ozungulira okhala ndi maeyela amachulukidwe kutalika - ndi chithandizo chawo, mbali zina zautsi zimayimitsidwa kuchokera pa chimango / thupi patali.
Zingwe zamagulu awiri zodzitchinjiriza zimapangidwa ngati ma halves awiri ngati matepi kapena mizere, iliyonse ili ndi maso awiri okwera ndi zomangira (maboliti).Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zamtunduwu, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa ma mufflers ndi mapaipi m'malo ovuta kufikako kapena komwe kumakhala kovuta kukhazikitsa mabatani okhazikika.
Theka la magawo awiri a magawo awiri ndi theka laling'ono lamtundu wam'mbuyomu, gawo lawo lakumtunda limapangidwa ngati bulaketi yochotseka kapena yosachotsedwa yomwe imayikidwa pa chimango / thupi lagalimoto.
Universal clamps
Gulu ili la mankhwala limaphatikizapo zomangira, zoyambira, zomwe nthawi imodzi zimatha kukhala ngati cholumikizira ndi cholumikizira - zimapereka kusindikiza mapaipi ndipo nthawi yomweyo gwirani dongosolo lonse pa chimango / thupi lagalimoto.
Mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a muffler clamps
Ma clamp amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamagiredi osiyanasiyana - makamaka zomangika, nthawi zambiri - kuchokera ku alloyed (zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri), kuti atetezedwe, amatha kukhala malata kapena nickel yokutidwa / chrome yokutidwa (mankhwala kapena galvanic).Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito ku zomangira / zomangira zomwe zimabwera ndi zomangira.
Monga lamulo, ma clamps amapangidwa ndi kupondaponda kuchokera kuzitsulo zachitsulo (matepi).Ma clamps amatha kukhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, olingana ndi mulingo wokhazikika komanso wosakhazikika wa ma diameter a chitoliro.Zomangamanga zokwera za ma mufflers, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta (oval, okhala ndi protrusions), ofanana ndi gawo lalikulu la muffler, resonator kapena converter yagalimoto.Zonsezi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha gawo latsopano la galimoto.
Nkhani za kusankha ndi kusintha kwa muffler clamp
Ma clamp amagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta, nthawi zonse amakumana ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, kukhudzana ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, komanso madzi, dothi ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana (mchere wochokera pamsewu ndi ena).Chifukwa chake, pakapita nthawi, ngakhale zingwe zopangidwa ndi zitsulo za aloyi zimataya mphamvu ndipo zimatha kutulutsa mpweya kapena kuwononga kukhulupirika kwa thirakiti lotayirira.Pakakhala kusweka, chotchinga chiyenera kusinthidwa, tikulimbikitsidwanso kusintha magawowa posintha magawo amunthu kapena makina onse otulutsa agalimoto.
Chotchinga chamuffler chiyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi cholinga chake komanso kukula kwa mapaipi / ma mufflers kuti alumikizike.Momwemo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera chamtundu womwewo ndi nambala yamakalata yomwe idayikidwa pagalimoto kale.Komabe, nthawi zambiri, choloŵa m’malo chomwe chingawongolere kagwiridwe ka ntchito kameneka ndichovomerezeka.Mwachitsanzo, ndi zomveka kuti m'malo stepladder clamp ndi kugawanika-chidutswa achepetsa - adzapereka zothina bwino ndi kuwonjezeka unsembe mphamvu.Kumbali ina, nthawi zina sikutheka kusintha - mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatheka kusinthira chingwe cholumikizira magawo awiri ndi china chilichonse, popeza mawonekedwe a mbali zomaliza za mapaipi olumikizidwa amatha kusinthidwa.
Posankha ma clamps, muyenera kukumbukira za mawonekedwe awo.Chotsitsa cha stepladder ndichosavuta kukhazikitsa - chimatha kukhazikitsidwa pamapaipi omwe asonkhanitsidwa kale, popeza stepladder imachotsedwa pamtanda ndikumangika ndi mtedza.Izi ndi zoona kwathunthu kwa magawo awiri.Ndipo kuti muyike zingwe zogawanika kapena ma tubular, mapaipi amayenera kulumikizidwa kaye, kulowetsedwa muzitsulo ndikuyikapo.Zovuta zina zitha kubuka pakuyika zingwe zapadziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa pakadali pano ndikofunikira kusunga magawo olumikizidwa nthawi imodzi ndikuyika patali yoyenera kuchokera pa chimango / thupi.
Mukayika chotchinga, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kukhazikitsidwa kolondola kwa kukhazikitsa kwake komanso kudalirika kwa zomangira zomangira - pokhapokha ngati kulumikizana kudzakhala kolimba, kodalirika komanso kolimba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-05-2023