M'galimoto yokhala ndi mabuleki a mpweya, malo oimikapo magalimoto ndi zida zosungira (kapena zothandizira) zimaperekedwa - crane ya pneumatic manual.Werengani zonse za mavavu oimika magalimoto, mitundu yawo, kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito, komanso kusankha kolondola ndikusintha zida izi m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi valavu yamabuleki oyimitsa magalimoto ndi chiyani?
Vavu yoyimitsa brake (vavu ya brake yamanja) - chinthu chowongolera ma brake system ndi ma pneumatic drive;crane yamanja yopangidwira kuyang'anira zida zotulutsa magalimoto (maspring energy accumulators) omwe ali mbali ya malo oimikapo magalimoto ndi makina osungira kapena othandizira mabuleki.
Malo oimikapo magalimoto ndi zosungira (ndipo nthawi zina othandizira) mabuleki amagalimoto okhala ndi ma braking system amamangidwa pamaziko a ma spring energy accumulators (EA).Ma EAs amapanga mphamvu yofunikira kuti akanikizire ma brake pads motsutsana ndi ng'oma chifukwa cha kasupe, ndipo kulepheretsa kumachitika popereka mpweya woponderezedwa ku EA.Yankho ili limapereka mwayi wa braking ngakhale palibe mpweya wothinikizidwa mu dongosolo ndikupanga zinthu zoyendetsera galimoto.Mpweya wopita ku EA umayendetsedwa pamanja ndi dalaivala pogwiritsa ntchito valavu yapadera yoimika magalimoto (kapena kungoti crane ya manual).
Valve ya brake yoyimitsa magalimoto ili ndi ntchito zingapo:
● Kupereka mpweya woponderezedwa ku EA kuti amasule galimoto;
● Kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kuchokera ku EA panthawi ya braking.Kuphatikiza apo, kukhetsa magazi kwathunthu mukamayika mabuleki oimika magalimoto, komanso pang'ono pomwe mabuleki opuma / othandizira akugwira ntchito;
● Kuwona ngati mabuleki oimika magalimoto a masitima apamsewu akugwira ntchito (mathirakitala okhala ndi ngolo).
Crane yoyimitsa magalimoto ndi imodzi mwamaulamuliro akulu amagalimoto, mabasi ndi zida zina zokhala ndi mabuleki amlengalenga.Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kwa chipangizochi kapena kuwonongeka kwake kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni, motero crane yolakwika iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa.Kuti musankhe crane yoyenera, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo ya zidazi, kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito.
Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mfundo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka crane yoyimitsa magalimoto
Mavavu oimika magalimoto amasiyana pamapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito (chiwerengero cha zikhomo).Mwa kupanga, cranes ndi:
● Ndi swivel control knob;
● Ndi chida chowongolera.
Vavu yoyimitsa brake yokhala ndi chogwirira chozungulira
Vavu yoyimitsa brake yokhala ndi chogwirira chopotoka
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mitundu yonse ya cranes kumachokera ku mfundo zofanana, ndipo kusiyana kuli mu mapangidwe a galimoto ndi zina zowongolera - izi zikufotokozedwa pansipa.
Ponena za magwiridwe antchito, cranes ndi:
● Kuwongolera mabuleki a galimoto imodzi kapena basi;
● Kuwongolera mabuleki a sitima yapamsewu (thirakitala yokhala ndi ngolo).
Mu crane ya mtundu woyamba, zotuluka zitatu zokha zimaperekedwa, mu chipangizo cha mtundu wachiwiri - zinayi.Komanso m'ma cranes amasitima apamsewu, ndizotheka kuzimitsa kwakanthawi ka trailer brake system kuti muwone momwe mabuleki oyimitsira magalimoto amagwirira ntchito.
Mavavu onse oimika magalimoto ali ndi gawo limodzi, zosinthika (popeza amapereka njira yodutsa mpweya m'njira imodzi yokha - kuchokera kwa olandila kupita ku EA, komanso kuchokera ku EA kupita kumlengalenga).Chipangizocho chimaphatikizapo valavu yolamulira, chipangizo chotsatira chamtundu wa pistoni, valve actuator ndi zinthu zingapo zothandizira.Zigawo zonse zimayikidwa muzitsulo zachitsulo zokhala ndi zitatu kapena zinayi:
● Kupereka kwa olandira (mpweya woponderezedwa);
● Kuchotsa ku EA;
● Kumasulidwa mumlengalenga;
M'ma crane amasitima apamsewu, zotuluka ku ma valavu owongolera ma brake a ngolo / semi-trailer.
Crane drive, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, imatha kumangidwa pamaziko a chogwirira cha swivel kapena lever yopotoka.Pachiyambi choyamba, tsinde la valve limayendetsedwa ndi screw groove yomwe imapangidwa mkati mwa chivundikiro cha thupi, pomwe kapu yotsogolera imasuntha pamene chogwiriracho chikutembenuzidwa.Pamene chogwiriracho chikutembenuzidwa mozungulira, kapu pamodzi ndi tsinde imatsitsidwa, ikatembenuzidwira kumanzere, imakwera, yomwe imapereka mphamvu ya valve.Palinso choyimitsa pachivundikiro chozungulira, chomwe, chogwiriracho chikatembenuzika, chimakanikizira valavu yowonjezera yowunikira ma brake.
Chachiwiri, valavu imayendetsedwa ndi kamera ya mawonekedwe ena olumikizidwa ndi chogwirira.Pamene chogwiririracho chikusokonekera mbali imodzi kapena imzake, kamera imakankhira pa tsinde la valve kapena kuimasula, kulamulira kutuluka kwa mpweya.Muzochitika zonsezi, zogwirira ntchito zimakhala ndi njira yotsekera m'malo ovuta kwambiri, kuchoka ku malowa kumachitika ndi kukoka chogwiriracho pamodzi ndi olamulira ake.Ndipo mu ma cranes okhala ndi chogwirira chopotoka, kuyang'ana momwe galimoto yoyimitsira magalimoto ikuyendera imachitika, m'malo mwake, kukanikiza chogwiriracho motsatira mbali yake.
Mfundo ya ntchito ya valavu yoyimitsa magalimoto nthawi zambiri ndi motere.Pamalo osasunthika kwambiri a chogwiriracho, chofanana ndi chotchinga choyimitsa magalimoto, valavu imayikidwa m'njira yoti mpweya wochokera kwa olandirawo ulowe momasuka ku EA, ndikumasula galimotoyo.Pamene galimoto yoyimitsa magalimoto ikugwira ntchito, chogwiriracho chimasunthidwa kumalo achiwiri okhazikika, valavu imagawiranso mpweya wotuluka m'njira yoti mpweya wochokera kwa olandirawo ukhale wotsekedwa, ndipo ma EA amalankhulana ndi mlengalenga - kupanikizika mwa iwo kumatsika, akasupe unclench ndi kupereka braking wa galimoto.
M'malo apakati a chogwiriracho, chipangizo chotsatira chimayamba kugwira ntchito - izi zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa njira yopuma kapena yothandizira.Ndi kupatukana pang'ono kwa chogwirira kuchokera ku EA, mpweya wina umatuluka ndipo mapadi amayandikira ng'oma ya brake - mabuleki ofunikira amachitika.Pamene chogwiriracho chimayimitsidwa pamalo awa (chimagwiridwa ndi dzanja), chipangizo chotsatira chimayambitsidwa, chomwe chimalepheretsa mpweya kuchokera ku EA - mpweya umasiya kutuluka ndipo kupanikizika kwa EA kumakhalabe kosalekeza.Ndi kusuntha kwina kwa chogwirira mbali yomweyo, mpweya wochokera ku EA umatulukanso magazi ndipo braking kwambiri imachitika.Pamene chogwirira chimayenda mosiyana, mpweya umaperekedwa kuchokera kwa olandira kupita ku EA, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimoto isasokonezedwe.Choncho, mphamvu ya braking ndi molingana ndi ngodya ya kupatuka kwa chogwirira, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuwongolera bwino kwagalimoto ngati kuli kolakwika kwa ma brake system kapena nthawi zina.
Mu ma cranes amasitima apamsewu, ndizotheka kuyang'ana malo oimikapo magalimoto a lever.Cheke yotereyi imachitika ndikusuntha chogwirira pamalo oyenera kutsatira malo a braking yonse (kugwiritsa ntchito brake yoyimitsa magalimoto), kapena kukanikiza.Pankhaniyi, valavu wapadera amapereka mpumulo kukakamiza kulamulira mzere ananyema dongosolo ngolo / theka ngolo, amene amatsogolera kumasulidwa.Zotsatira zake, thirakitala imakhalabe yotsekedwa ndi akasupe a EA, ndipo semi-trailer ndiyoletsedwa kwathunthu.Cheke yotereyi imakupatsani mwayi wowona momwe thalakitala yoyimitsira magalimoto imagwirira ntchito poyimitsa malo otsetsereka kapena nthawi zina.
Vavu yoyimitsa magalimoto imayikidwa pa bolodi lagalimoto kapena pansi pa kabati pafupi ndi mpando wa dalaivala (kumanja), imalumikizidwa ndi dongosolo la pneumatic ndi mapaipi atatu kapena anayi.Zolemba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa crane kapena pathupi lake kuti apewe zolakwika pakuwongolera ma brake system.
Nkhani zakusankha, kusintha ndi kukonza crane ya mabuleki oimika magalimoto
Valavu yoyimitsa magalimoto panthawi yoyendetsa galimotoyo imakhala yothamanga kwambiri ndipo imakhudzidwa ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, choncho pali mwayi waukulu wa kulephera.Nthawi zambiri, zipewa zowongolera, ma valve, akasupe ndi magawo osiyanasiyana osindikizira amalephera.Kusokonekera kwa crane kumazindikirika ndi ntchito yolakwika yamayendedwe onse oimika magalimoto agalimoto.Kawirikawiri, pakawonongeka kwa chipangizochi, sikutheka kuchepetsa kapena, mosiyana, kumasula galimotoyo.Kutuluka kwa mpweya kuchokera pampopi kumathekanso chifukwa chosasindikizidwa bwino pamapaipi apakati ndi mapaipi, komanso kupanga ming'alu ndi kusweka kwa nyumba.
Kireni yolakwika imachotsedwa m'galimoto, kupasuka ndikuzindikiridwa ndi zolakwika.Ngati vuto liri mu zisindikizo kapena mu kapu, ndiye kuti zigawozo zikhoza kusinthidwa - nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa muzitsulo zokonzekera.Pakawonongeka kwambiri, crane imasintha pakusokonekera.Chipangizo chamtundu womwewo ndi chitsanzo chomwe chinayikidwa pagalimoto kale chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chilowe m'malo.Ndizosavomerezeka kukhazikitsa ma cranes otsogolera atatu pa mathirakitala omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ma trailer / ma semi-trailer, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka trailer brake system ndi chithandizo chawo.Komanso, crane iyenera kugwirizana ndi yakaleyo potengera kupanikizika kwa ntchito ndi kukula kwake.
M'malo mwa crane ikuchitika motsatira malangizo a kukonza galimoto.Panthawi yogwira ntchito, chipangizochi chimayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse, ngati kuli kofunikira, zisindikizo zimasinthidwa mmenemo.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa crane kuyenera kutsata ndondomeko yokhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga galimoto - pokhapokha ngati ndondomeko yonse ya braking idzagwira ntchito bwino komanso modalirika muzochitika zonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023