Mu galimoto yamakono iliyonse pali makina opangidwa ndi magetsi, magetsi omwe amakhazikika ndi gawo lapadera - relay-regulator.Werengani zonse za ma relay-regulators, mitundu yawo yomwe ilipo, mapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, komanso kusankha ndikusintha magawowa m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi ma voltage regulator relay ndi chiyani?
Voltage regulator relay (voltage regulator) ndi gawo lamagetsi agalimoto;Chida chomakina, chamagetsi kapena chamagetsi chomwe chimathandizira mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwira ntchito pamagetsi omwe ali mkati mwa malire ena.
Dongosolo lamagetsi la magalimoto limamangidwa m'njira yoti mphamvu ikayimitsidwa, batire (batire) imakhala ngati gwero lamagetsi, ndipo ikayambika, jenereta imatembenuza gawo la mphamvu ya injini kukhala magetsi.Komabe, jenereta ali ndi drawback kwambiri - voteji wa panopa kwaiye zimadalira liwiro la crankshaft, komanso panopa amadya katundu ndi kutentha yozungulira.Kuti athetse vutoli, chipangizo chothandizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito - relay-regulator kapena chabe voltage regulator.
Voltage regulator imathetsa mavuto angapo:
● Kukhazikika kwamagetsi - kusunga mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi pamtunda wokhazikika (mkati mwa 12-14 kapena 24-28 volts ndi zolakwika zovomerezeka);
● Kutetezedwa kwa batri kuti lisatuluke kudzera muzitsulo za jenereta pamene injini yayimitsidwa;
● Mitundu ina ya owongolera - kuzimitsa kwadzidzidzi kwa sitata pamene injini yayamba bwino;
● Mitundu ina ya owongolera - kulumikiza basi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa jenereta kuchokera ku batri kuti kulipiritsa;
● Mitundu ina ya owongolera - kusintha voteji ya netiweki ya pa bolodi malinga ndi momwe nyengo ilili (kutumiza kwa magetsi ku ntchito yachilimwe ndi yozizira).
Magalimoto onse, mathirakitala ndi makina osiyanasiyana ali ndi zowongolera zowongolera.Kuwonongeka kwa chipangizochi kumasokoneza kayendetsedwe ka magetsi onse, nthawi zina izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo zamagetsi ndi moto.Choncho, wolamulira wolakwika ayenera kusinthidwa mwamsanga, ndipo kuti asankhe bwino gawo latsopano, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo, mapangidwe ndi mfundo zoyendetsera olamulira.
Mitundu, mapangidwe ndi mfundo za ntchito ya relay-regulator
Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo ya relay-regulators, koma ntchito yawo imachokera pa mfundo zomwezo.Wowongolera aliyense ali ndi zinthu zitatu zogwirizana:
- Kuyeza (zomverera);
- Kufananiza (kuwongolera) chinthu;
- Chigawo chowongolera.
Woyang'anira amalumikizidwa ndi mafunde akumunda a jenereta (OVG), kuyeza ndikusintha mphamvu zomwe zilipo - izi zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kwamagetsi.Kawirikawiri, dongosololi limagwira ntchito motere.Chinthu choyezera, chomangidwa pamaziko a voliyumu yamagetsi, imayang'anitsitsa mphamvu zomwe zilipo mu OVG ndikuzisintha kukhala chizindikiro chobwera kufananitsa (control) element.Apa, chizindikirocho chikufanizidwa ndi muyezo - mtengo wamagetsi womwe nthawi zambiri umayenera kugwira ntchito mumagetsi agalimoto.Zomwe zimatchulidwa zitha kumangidwa pamaziko a ma vibration relay ndi zener diode.Ngati chizindikiro chomwe chimachokera ku chinthu choyezera chikufanana ndi zomwe zikufotokozedwa (ndi kupatuka kovomerezeka), ndiye kuti wowongolera sakugwira ntchito.Ngati chizindikiro chomwe chikubwera chikusiyana ndi chizindikiro cholozera mbali imodzi kapena ina, ndiye kuti chinthu chofananitsa chimapanga chizindikiro chowongolera chomwe chimabwera kuzinthu zowongolera zomwe zimamangidwa pamawunidwe, ma transistors kapena zinthu zina.Zomwe zimawongolera zimasintha zomwe zikuchitika mu OVG, zomwe zimakwaniritsa kubweza kwa voliyumu pakutulutsa kwa jenereta kumalire ofunikira.
Chithunzi cha block block ya Voltage
Monga tawonetsera kale, mayunitsi owongolera amamangidwa pazinthu zina, pamaziko awa zida zimagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:
● Kunjenjemera;
● Contact-transistor;
● Transistor yamagetsi (yopanda kukhudzana);
● Integral (transistor, yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono).
Chithunzi cha vibration relay-regulator
M'mbuyomu, zida zonjenjemera zinali zoyamba kuwonekera, zomwe zimatchedwa relay-regulators.Pazida zotere, mayunitsi onse atatu amatha kuphatikizidwa pakupanga kumodzi - cholumikizira chamagetsi chokhala ndi zolumikizira nthawi zambiri zotsekedwa, ngakhale chinthu choyezera chitha kupangidwa ngati chogawa pa zopinga.Mphamvu yamphamvu ya masika obwerera imakhala ngati chiwongolero mu relay.Kawirikawiri, relay-regulator imagwira ntchito mosavuta.Ndi otsika panopa pa OVG kapena otsika voteji pa linanena bungwe la jenereta (malingana ndi njira kulumikiza wowongolera), relay si ntchito ndipo panopa ikuyenda momasuka kudzera kukhudzana otsekedwa - izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka voteji.Mphamvu yamagetsi ikakwera, relay imayambika, voteji yomwe imayenda mozungulira imatsika ndikutulutsanso, voliyumu imadzukanso ndipo relay imayambiranso - umu ndi momwe ma relay amasinthira kumayendedwe oscillation.Pamene voteji pa jenereta amasintha mbali imodzi kapena imzake, oscillation mafupipafupi a relay kusintha, amene amaonetsetsa voteji bata.
Pakalipano, ma vibration relay, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso osadalirika, sagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamagalimoto.Panthawi ina, adalowetsedwa ndi owongolera olumikizana ndi ma transistor, momwe ma vibration relay amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chofananira / chowongolera, ndipo transistor yomwe ikugwira ntchito mumayendedwe ofunikira imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chowongolera.Apa, transistor imagwira ntchito yolumikizirana, chifukwa chake, kawirikawiri, magwiridwe antchito amtunduwu ndi ofanana ndi omwe tafotokozazi.Masiku ano, owongolera amtunduwu amasinthidwa ndi ma transistors osalumikizana amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mu owongolera opanda contactless transistor, relay imasinthidwa ndi chipangizo chosavuta cha semiconductor - zener diode.Magetsi a zener diode stabilization amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtengo, ndipo chinthu chowongolera chimamangidwa pamaziko a transistors.Pamagetsi otsika, zener diode ndi transistors zili mumkhalidwe wotero kotero kuti pazipita zamakono zimaperekedwa kwa OVG, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwamagetsi.Pamene mlingo wofunikila wa voteji wafika, zener diode ndi transistors zimasinthira ku dziko lina ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito mumayendedwe oscillatory, omwe, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma relay ochiritsira, amapereka kukhazikika kwamagetsi.
Zowongolera zamakono zamakono zimamangidwa pa ma transistors ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi pulse-width modulator (PWM), momwe ma frequency osinthira amagetsi amakhazikitsidwa ndipo chipangizocho chitha kulowetsedwa mumayendedwe onse owongolera magalimoto.
Zowongolera zosagwirizana ndi ma transistor zitha kuchitidwa pazinthu zapadera komanso ukadaulo wophatikizika.Pachiyambi choyamba, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (zener diodes, transistors, resistors, etc.) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kachiwiri, unit yonse imasonkhanitsidwa pa chip chimodzi kapena compact block ya compact radio components yodzazidwa ndi pawiri.
Mapangidwe omwe amaganiziridwa ali ndi owongolera osavuta kwambiri, zowona, zida zovuta kwambiri zokhala ndi zida zingapo zothandizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - kuwongolera koyambira, kuletsa kutulutsa kwa batri kudzera m'munda, kukonza njira yoyendetsera kutengera kutentha, chitetezo cha dera, kudzizindikiritsa ndi ena. .Pazinthu zambiri zowongolera mathirakitala ndi magalimoto, kuthekera kosintha pamanja kwamagetsi okhazikika kumakhazikitsidwanso.Kusintha uku kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chopinga chosinthika (mu zida zogwedezeka - pogwiritsa ntchito kasupe) pogwiritsa ntchito chowongolera kapena chogwirira chomwe chimayikidwa kunja kwa nyumbayo.
Owongolera amapangidwa ngati midadada yaying'ono yomwe imayikidwa mwachindunji pa jenereta kapena pamalo abwino pagalimoto.Chipangizocho chitha kulumikizidwa ndi OVG ndi / kapena kutulutsa kwa jenereta, kapena gawo lamagetsi omwe ali pa bolodi pomwe magetsi okhazikika amafunikira.Pankhaniyi, terminal imodzi ya OVG iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi "+" kapena "-" pamagetsi.
Voltage regulator relays kuti uyikidwe kunja kwa jenereta
Nkhani zakusankha, kuwunika ndikusintha ma voltage regulator
Zowonongeka zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuchitika muzowongolera zowongolera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ndi kusowa kwa batire pano komanso, m'malo mwake, ndi kuchuluka kwa batire pano.Chosavuta chowongolera chowongolera chikhoza kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito voltmeter - ingoyambitsani injini ndikuyisiya pafupipafupi 10-15 rpm ndi kuyatsa nyali kwa mphindi 2500-3000.Ndiye, popanda kuchepetsa liwiro ndi popanda kuzimitsa nyali, kuyeza voteji pa malo batire batire - ayenera kukhala 14.1-14.3 volts (24-volt kawiri pamwamba).Ngati magetsi ndi otsika kwambiri kapena apamwamba, ndiye kuti iyi ndi nthawi yoyang'ana jenereta, ndipo ngati ili bwino, m'malo mwa olamulira.
Relay-regulator ya mtundu womwewo ndi chitsanzo chomwe chinayikidwa kale chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chilowe m'malo.Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulabadira dongosolo la kugwirizana kwa wowongolera ku netiweki yomwe ili pa bolodi (kumene ma terminal a jenereta ndi zinthu zina), komanso magetsi operekera ndi mafunde.Kusintha kwa gawolo kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malangizo, ntchito ikhoza kuchitidwa pokhapokha injini itayimitsidwa ndipo chotengeracho chimachotsedwa ku batri.Ngati malingaliro onse akutsatiridwa, ndipo wowongolera asankhidwa bwino, ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo amayamba kugwira ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023