M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, makina othamanga othamanga asinthidwa ndi makina oyezera liwiro lamagetsi, momwe masensa othamanga amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.Chilichonse chokhudza masensa amakono othamanga, mitundu yawo, mapangidwe ndi ntchito, komanso kusankha kwawo kolondola ndikusintha - werengani m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi sensor yothamanga ndi chiyani
Sensor yothamanga (sensa ya liwiro lagalimoto, DSA) ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino pamakina oyezera kuthamanga kwagalimoto;Sensa yolumikizana kapena yosalumikizana yomwe imayesa kuthamanga kwa shaft mu gearbox kapena mu axle gearbox ndikutumiza zotsatira zake kwa wowongolera liwiro kapena liwiro lagalimoto.
Chonde dziwani: nkhaniyi ikukamba za DSA yokha yoyezera liwiro la galimoto.Za masensa akuthamanga kwa magudumu omwe akugwira ntchito ngati gawo la machitidwe oteteza chitetezo (ABS ndi ena), ofotokozedwa m'nkhani zina patsamba lathu.
Masensa othamanga amatha kukhala mbali yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto amakono:
● Speedometer - kuyeza ndi kusonyeza liwiro la kayendetsedwe kake ndi mtunda womwe wayenda (pogwiritsa ntchito odometer);
● Jekeseni, kuyatsa ndi makina ena a injini - kukonza njira zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi, malingana ndi liwiro la galimoto ndi kusintha kwake (panthawi yothamanga ndi kuphulika);
● Chitetezo chogwira ntchito ndi ma alarm - kukonza liwiro ndi njira yagalimoto m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuchenjeza za zinthu zomwe zingakhale zoopsa, ndi zina zotero;
● M'magalimoto ena - chiwongolero chamagetsi ndi makina otonthoza.
DSA, ngati chingwe chachikhalidwe choyendetsa liwiro la liwiro, imayikidwa pa gearbox, chotengera chosinthira kapena giya la giya, kutsata ma liwiro aang'ono a shaft yachiwiri kapena yapakatikati.Chidziwitso cholandiridwa kuchokera ku sensa mu mawonekedwe a zizindikiro zamagetsi chimatumizidwa kwa woyendetsa liwiro kapena mwachindunji ku speedometer.Makhalidwe azizindikiro zopangidwa ndi njira zolumikizira / kuphatikizira masensa ndi magetsi agalimoto zimadalira mitundu yawo, mapangidwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito.Izi ziyenera kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Magwiridwe, mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mfundo ya magwiridwe antchito a masensa othamanga
Masensa othamanga, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu ndi kapangidwe kake, amapanga ma sign omwe amatha kutumizidwa mwachindunji ku Speedometer kapena kwa wowongolera injini ndi zida zowongolera zamagetsi.Pachiyambi choyamba, sensa imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anitsitsa kuthamanga kwa galimotoyo.Pachitsanzo chachiwiri, deta imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi oyendetsa galimoto kuti aziwongolera injini ndi machitidwe ena, ndipo chizindikiro cha speedometer chimadyetsedwa kuchokera kwa wolamulira.Pa magalimoto amakono, njira yachiwiri yolumikizira ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kuyeza liwiro ndi DSA ndikosavuta.Sensa imapanga chizindikiro cha pulse (nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe amakona anayi), momwe kubwereza kubwereza kumadalira kuthamanga kwa shaft ndipo, motero, pa liwiro la galimoto.masensa ambiri amakono amapanga kuchokera ku 2000 mpaka 25000 pulses pa kilomita, koma zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 6000 pulses pa kilomita (kwa masensa kukhudzana - 6 pulses pa revolution ya rotor yawo).Choncho, kuyeza kwa liwiro kumachepetsedwa kuti awerengedwe ndi wolamulira wa kubwereza kwa ma pulses omwe amachokera ku DSA pa nthawi ya nthawi, ndipo kumasulira kwa mtengo uwu mu km / h kumamveka kwa ife.
Masensa othamanga amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
● Kuthamangitsidwa mwachindunji ndi shaft, kapena kukhudzana;
● Osalumikizana.
Kuyika sensor yothamanga pa gearbox
Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo masensa omwe torque yochokera ku gearbox shaft, exle kapena transfer case imatumizidwa ndi galimoto ndi chingwe chosinthika chachitsulo (kapena shaft lalifupi lolimba).Sensa imapereka chipangizo chomwe chimawerengera kuzungulira kwa angular kwa shaft ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi.Masensa amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa amatha kuikidwa m'malo moyendetsa makina othamanga (omwe amakulolani kukweza magalimoto akale popanda mtengo wowonjezera) ndipo ndi odalirika kwambiri.
Non-contact speed sensor master dial
Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo masensa omwe samalumikizana mwachindunji ndi shaft yozungulira.Kuti muyese kuthamanga kwa masensa oterowo, patsinde pali chida chothandizira - master disc kapena rotor.Zipangizo zopanda contactless zikuchulukirachulukira, zimayikidwa pamitundu yambiri yamakono yamagalimoto apanyumba.
Masensa onse amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana.Pazida zolumikizirana, mawonekedwe a Hall ndi magnetoresistive effect (MRE), komanso optocouplers (optoelectronic pairs), amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.Pamtima pa masensa osalumikizana, mawonekedwe a Hall amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri MRE.Mapangidwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito zamtundu uliwonse wa sensa zikufotokozedwa pansipa.
Lumikizanani ndi masensa kutengera zotsatira za Hall
Zomverera za mtundu uwu zimachokera ku zotsatira za Hall: ngati woyendetsa lathyathyathya, kupyolera mbali ziwiri zosiyana zomwe zimadutsa mwachindunji, zimayikidwa mu mphamvu ya maginito, ndiye kuti magetsi amagetsi amatuluka kumbali zake zina.Pamtima pa DSA pali Chip Hall, momwe chowotcha (nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi permalloy) ndi dera la amplifier zaphatikizidwa kale.Mu masensa, ma microcircuit ndi maginito amakhalabe osasunthika, ndipo kusintha kwa maginito kumachitika chifukwa cha "chinsalu" chozungulira - mphete yokhala ndi mipata.Mpheteyo imalumikizidwa ndi chingwe choyendetsa kapena shaft, komwe imalandira kuzungulira.Chizindikiro chotuluka kuchokera ku DSA chimatumizidwa ku speedometer kapena chowongolera kudzera pa cholumikizira chokhazikika, chomwe mphamvu imaperekedwa ku Chip Hall.
Masensa osalumikizana nawo kutengera momwe Hall imagwirira ntchito
DSA yosalumikizana imatengera zomwezo, koma mulibe magawo osuntha - m'malo mwake, chozungulira kapena pulse disk chokhala ndi magawo amagetsi chili pa shaft ya unit (gearbox, axle gearbox).Pali kusiyana kochepa pakati pa gawo lovuta la sensa (lokhala ndi Hall chip) ndi rotor, pamene rotor ikuzungulira, chizindikiro cha pulse chimapangidwa mu microcircuit, chomwe chimatumizidwa kwa wolamulira kupyolera mu cholumikizira chokhazikika.
Dongosolo la magwiridwe antchito a sensor yothamanga yosalumikizana
Lumikizanani ndi masensa otengera mphamvu ya magnetoresistive
Kupanga kwa sensor yothamanga yokhala ndi magnetoresistive element
Mtundu uwu wa DSA umachokera ku mphamvu ya magnetoresistive - katundu wa zipangizo zina kuti asinthe kukana kwawo kwa magetsi pamene aikidwa mu maginito.Masensa oterowo ndi ofanana ndi masensa a Hall, koma amagwiritsa ntchito tchipisi tophatikizana ndi magnetoresistive element (MRE) kutengera zida za semiconductor.Nthawi zambiri, masensa awa ali ndi galimoto yolunjika, kusintha kwa maginito kumayendetsedwa ndi maginito ozungulira maginito ambiri, chizindikiro chopangidwa chimaperekedwa kwa wolamulira kudzera pa cholumikizira chokhazikika (momwe mphamvu ya microcircuit imakhala nayo). MRE imaperekedwa).
Optoelectronic contact sensors
Ma DSA awa ndi osavuta kupanga, koma samva bwino komanso osakhazikika kuposa omwe tafotokozazi.Sensa imakhazikitsidwa pa optocoupler - LED ndi phototransistor, pakati pawo pali diski yokhala ndi mipata yolumikizidwa ndi shaft yoyendetsa.Pamene diski ikuzungulira, kuwala kowala pakati pa LED ndi phototransistor kumasokonekera nthawi ndi nthawi, zosokonezazi zimakulitsidwa ndikutumizidwa kwa wolamulira monga chizindikiro cha pulse.
Optoelectronic speed sensor design
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha sensa yoyenera yothamanga
Sensa yothamanga yolakwika m'galimoto yamakono imatha kukhala gwero lamavuto osiyanasiyana - kuyambira pakutayika kwa data pa liwiro la kuyenda ndi mtunda womwe wayenda (speedometer ndi odometer kusiya kugwira ntchito), mpaka kusokonezeka kwa gawo lamagetsi (osakhazikika, idling), kuchuluka kwamafuta, kutaya mphamvu), chiwongolero chamagetsi ndi njira zotetezera.Choncho, ngati DSA ikuphwanyidwa, iyenera kusinthidwa mwamsanga.
Kuti mulowe m'malo, muyenera kungotenga sensor yomwe inali pagalimoto kale, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida pakati pa zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga makinawo.Nthawi zina, n'zotheka kusankha DSA "osakhala mbadwa", koma nthawi zambiri izi sizingatheke - sensa mwina sichigwera m'malo, kapena imapereka kuwerenga kolakwika panthawi ya kukhazikitsa.Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kosankhidwa kwa DSA kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pazovuta kwambiri.
Kusintha kwa sensor kumachitika molingana ndi malangizo agalimoto iyi (kapena gearbox, axle kapena transfer case).Direct drive DSAs nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ulusi wa turnkey ndi hexagon (koma osati nthawi zonse - zinthu zina zimakhala ndi mphete yokhala ndi corrugation yopingasa), kotero kuti m'malo mwake mumatsikira kutulutsa chipangizo chakale ndikugwetsa chatsopano.Masensa osalumikizana nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ndi zomangira imodzi kapena ziwiri (maboliti) olumikizidwa pabowo la flange.Nthawi zonse, ntchito zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi chotsekeracho kuchotsedwa ku batri, musanagwetse sensa, ndikofunikira kutulutsa cholumikizira chamagetsi, ndipo musanayike chatsopano, yeretsani malo ake.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kusintha rotor ya masensa osalumikizana - chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kugawanitsa gawolo (bokosi, mlatho), kenako ndikugwira ntchito yokonza molingana ndi malangizo.
Ndi kusankha kolondola ndi kusintha kwa sensor liwiro, speedometer ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana a galimoto (kuphatikizapo injini) amayamba kugwira ntchito.M'tsogolomu, DSA idzaonetsetsa kuti galimotoyo ikuyenda bwino komanso motetezeka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-12-2023