Kuyika akasupe pa chimango cha galimotoyo kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi zothandizira zomwe zimamangidwa pazigawo zapadera - zala.Mutha kuphunzira zonse za zikhomo za masika, mitundu yawo yomwe ilipo, kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito pakuyimitsidwa, komanso kusankha koyenera kwa zala ndikusintha kwawo, m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi pini ya masika ndi chiyani?
Pini ya masika ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la magawo omwe ali ngati ndodo zokhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyikira (ulusi, wedge, pini ya cotter), zotuluka ngati ma axles kapena zomangira pakuyimitsidwa kwamagalimoto masika.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa masika, komwe kunapangidwa m'zaka za XVIII, kudakali kofunikira ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamayendedwe apamsewu.Akasupe amakhala ngati zinthu zotanuka, zomwe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake otumphuka, zimathandizira kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto pamabampu amsewu.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi akasupe a semi-elliptical omwe ali ndi mfundo ziwiri zothandizira pa chimango - zofotokozedwa ndi kutsetsereka.Malo a hinge amapereka mphamvu yozungulira kasupe wachibale ndi chimango, ndipo malo otsetsereka amapereka kusintha kwa kutalika kwa kasupe panthawi yopunduka yomwe imachitika panthawi yogonjetsa kusagwirizana kwa msewu.Mzere wothandizira wokhotakhota, womwe uli kutsogolo kwa kasupe, ndi chinthu chapadera - chala cha diso la masika (kapena chala chakumapeto kwa kasupe).Zothandizira zam'mbuyo zotsetsereka zam'mbuyo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa pamaboti ndi mbali zina, koma nthawi zina zimagwiritsanso ntchito zala zamapangidwe osiyanasiyana.
Leaf kasupe kuyimitsidwa ndi malo a zala mmenemo
Zikhomo za masika ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri za kuyimitsidwa, zimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse pansi pa katundu wambiri (ngakhale galimotoyo sikuyenda), choncho amatha kuvala kwambiri ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amafunika kusinthidwa.Koma musanagule zala zatsopano, muyenera kumvetsetsa mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a zigawozi.
Mitundu, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a zikhomo zamasika
Zikhomo za akasupe zimayikidwa molingana ndi ntchito zomwe zimachitidwa pakuyimitsidwa (ndipo, molingana ndi malo oyikapo), komanso malinga ndi njira yokhazikitsira.
Malinga ndi cholinga (ntchito), zala zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
● Zala za khutu (kutsogolo) kwa kasupe;
● Zikhomo za chithandizo chakumapeto chakumbuyo;
● Zikhomo zosiyanasiyana.
Pafupifupi zoyimitsidwa zonse za kasupe zimakhala ndi chala cha khutu, chomwe ndi chinthu chachikulu cha kutsogolo kokhotakhota kwa akasupe akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.Chala ichi chimagwira ntchito zingapo:
- Amagwira ntchito ngati nsonga (kingpin) ya fulcrum yomangika;
- Amapereka kugwirizana makina a kasupe lug ndi bulaketi ili pa chimango;
- Amapereka kusamutsidwa kwa mphamvu ndi ma torque kuchokera pa gudumu kupita ku chimango chagalimoto.
Kuyika chikhomo cha kasupe pa mtedza
Zikhomo za kumbuyo kumbuyo sizingapezeke muzoyimitsidwa zonse za kasupe, nthawi zambiri gawo ili limasinthidwa ndi mabawuti kapena mabatani popanda zomangira zamtundu uliwonse.Zala izi zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:
● Zala zing'onozing'ono zokhazikika m'mabokosi akumbuyo a kasupe (mochuluka, muzitsulo zazitsulo);
● Zala ziwiri zomanga ndolo.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimakhala kumbuyo kumbuyo, kasupe amakhala pa chala ichi (mwachindunji kapena kudzera mu gasket yapadera yolimba).Zala ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperako, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamagalimoto olemera pang'ono (mwachitsanzo, pamitundu ina ya UAZ).Zala zimasonkhanitsidwa pawiri mothandizidwa ndi mbale ziwiri (masaya), kupanga ndolo kuti zipachike kasupe: chala chapamwamba cha ndolo chimayikidwa mu bulaketi pa chimango, chala chapansi chimayikidwa mu eyelet kumbuyo. cha masika.Kumangirira kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti kumapeto kwa kasupe kumayenda mopingasa komanso molunjika pamene gudumu likuyenda m'misewu yosagwirizana.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikhomo zomangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza phukusi la masika ku eyelet (kapena mbale ya masika, kumapeto kwake komwe kuzungulira kumapangidwa).Zonse zikhomo ndi mabawuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi mapulasitiki osiyanasiyana ndi mphira.
Malinga ndi njira yokhazikitsira, zala za akasupe zimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu:
1.Ndi kukonza ndi ma bolts odutsa ang'onoang'ono awiri (jamming);
2.Ndi kukonza mtedza;
3.Ndi kukonza pini ya cotter.
Poyamba, chala cha cylindrical chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pambali pake pomwe ma grooves awiri ozungulira amapangidwa.Chipindacho chili ndi mabawuti awiri opingasa omwe amalowera m'mitsempha ya pini, kuwonetsetsa kuti akugwedezeka kwake.Ndi kukhazikitsa uku, chalacho chimasungidwa bwino mu bulaketi, sichimazungulira mozungulira ndipo chimatetezedwa kuti zisagwe chifukwa cha kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka.Zala zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, kuphatikiza magalimoto apakhomo a KAMAZ.
Chachiwiri, ulusi umadulidwa kumapeto kwa chala, pomwe mtedza umodzi kapena ziwiri zokhala ndi ma thrust washers zimaphwanyidwa.Mtedza wamba ndi mtedza wa korona ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, wodzaza ndi pini ya cotter, yomwe imayikidwa mu dzenje lopingasa la pini, ndikuwerengera mtedzawo modalirika.
Pachitsanzo chachitatu, zala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zokhazikika ndi pini ya cotter, yomwe imakhala ngati kuyimitsa kuti mbaliyo isagwere mu bracket.Kuonjezera apo, thrust washer imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pini ya cotter.
Zala zamtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolo kwa akasupe, zala zamtundu wachitatu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumbuyo kwa akasupe.
Mu gulu losiyana, mukhoza kutenga zala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndolo za masika.Patsaya limodzi, zala zimapanikizidwa, zomwe kukulitsa ndi notch yautali kumachitidwa pansi pamitu yawo - chala chowonjezera ichi chimayikidwa mu dzenje pa tsaya, ndikukhazikika mokhazikika.Chotsatira chake, kugwirizana kowonongeka kumapangidwa, chifukwa chomwe ndolo imatha kukhazikitsidwa mosavuta ndikuphwanyidwa, ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, kusokonezeka kuti m'malo mwa chala chimodzi.
Zikhomo za zothandizira kutsogolo zimayikidwa m'mabokosi kupyolera mu manja olimba kapena ophatikizana.M'magalimoto, zitsulo zolimba zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, momwe zikhomo zimayikidwa kudzera muzitsulo ziwiri za rabara (ma cuffs).M'magalimoto opepuka, zitsamba zophatikizika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphira ziwiri zokhala ndi makola olumikizidwa ndi zitsulo zakunja ndi zamkati zachitsulo - kapangidwe kake ndi hinge yachitsulo-chitsulo (chete chipika), chomwe chimachepetsa kugwedezeka konse ndi phokoso loyimitsa.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino pini ya kutsogolo kutsogolo (kasupe eyelet), iyenera kuthiridwa mafuta - kuti izi zitheke, njira yofanana ndi L imachitidwa pa zala (kubowola kumapeto ndi kumbali), ndi mafuta odzola. kukwanira kumayikidwa kumapeto kwa ulusi.Kupyolera mu mafuta opangira mafuta, mafuta amalowetsedwa mu njira ya chala, yomwe imalowa m'manja ndipo, chifukwa cha kupanikizika ndi kutentha, imagawidwa pakati pa mawondo ndi pini.Kugawira wogawira lubricant (komanso bwino kukhazikitsa mbali mu bulaketi), longitudinal ndi yopingasa grooves zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa akhoza kuchitidwa mu pini.
Pini ya masika yokhala ndi mabawuti awiri
Pini ya kasupe yokhala ndi mtedza
fixation Pini ya kumbuyo kwa kasupe wothandizira pa pini ya cotter
Momwe mungatenge ndikusintha pini ya masika
Pogwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo, zala zonse za akasupe zimagwidwa ndi katundu wochuluka wa makina, komanso zotsatira za zinthu zoipa zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti avale kwambiri, awonongeke komanso awonongeke.Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe zala zilili ndi zitsamba zawo pa TO-1 iliyonse, pakuwunika ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zowoneka ndi zida zala zala ndi tchire, ndipo, ngati ndizovomerezeka, sinthani magawowa. .
Zala zokhazo ndi zigawo zokwerera zomwe wopanga amapangira ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zilowe m'malo.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mitundu ina ya ziwalo kungayambitse kuvala msanga ndi kuwonongeka kwa kuyimitsidwa, ndipo kudzipangira zala kungakhalenso ndi zotsatira zoipa (makamaka ngati kalasi yachitsulo imasankhidwa molakwika).Ndikofunika kusintha pini ya kasupe motsatira malangizo okonzekera ndi kukonza galimoto.Kawirikawiri, ntchitoyi ikuchitika motere:
1.Pangani mbali ya galimoto kuchokera kumbali ya kasupe kuti ikonzedwe, tsitsani kasupe;
2.Disconnect the shock absorber from the spring;
3.Tulutsani pini - masulani nati, tsegulani ma bolts, chotsani pini ya cotter kapena chitani ntchito zina molingana ndi mtundu wa pin attachment;
4.Chotsani chala - chigwetseni kapena kuchikoka m'manja pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera;
5.Yang'anani dzanja ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, chotsani;
6.Install zatsopano, pambuyo mafuta;
7. Reverse assemble.
Tikumbukenso kuti nthawi zina n'zotheka kuchotsa chala kokha mothandizidwa ndi kukoka wapadera - chipangizo ayenera kusamalidwa pasadakhale.Chokokacho chikhoza kugulidwa kapena kupangidwa paokha, ngakhale kuti zinthu za fakitale zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Pambuyo m'malo chala, m'pofunika kudzaza girisi mmenemo kudzera girisi koyenera ndiyeno kuchita opaleshoni ndi kukonza koyenera.
Ngati pini ya kasupe yasankhidwa ndikusinthidwa moyenera, kuyimitsidwa kwa galimotoyo kudzagwira ntchito modalirika muzochitika zonse, kupereka kuyenda momasuka komanso kotetezeka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-11-2023