Mu ma preheaters a injini pali masensa omwe amawunika kutentha kwa choziziritsa kukhosi ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho.Werengani za zomwe masensa a kutentha kwa heater ali, ndi mitundu yanji, momwe amapangidwira ndikugwira ntchito, momwe mungasinthire - werengani m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi sensor ya kutentha ya PZD ndi chiyani?
Sensa ya kutentha ya PZD ndi gawo la makina owongolera a injini yotenthetsera (chotenthetsera injini yamadzimadzi, PZD), chinthu chodziwikiratu (kuyezera transducer) poyezera kutentha kwa choziziritsa.
Zomwe zimapezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito sensa ya kutentha zimatumizidwa ku gawo loyendetsa magetsi la Railway, ndipo pamaziko awo chowotcha chimatsegulidwa, kusintha njira zake zogwirira ntchito, kutsekedwa kawirikawiri kapena mwadzidzidzi.Ntchito za masensa zimadalira mtundu wawo ndi malo oyika mu njanji.
Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mfundo ya ntchito ya masensa kutentha
Kutentha masensa amagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi mfundo ya ntchito anaika pa maziko a ntchito yawo, mtundu wa linanena bungwe chizindikiro, kapangidwe ndi applicability.
Malinga ndi mfundo ya ntchito, masensa ndi:
● Zotsutsa - zimachokera ku thermistor (thermistor), kukana kwake kumadalira kutentha.Pamene kutentha kumasintha, kukana kwa thermistor kumawonjezeka kapena kuchepa, kusintha kumeneku kumalembedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe kutentha kwamakono;
● Semiconductor - zimachokera ku zipangizo za semiconductor (diode, transistor kapena zina), makhalidwe a kusintha kwa "pn" omwe amadalira kutentha.Kutentha kukasintha, mawonekedwe apano-voltage a "pn" (kudalira kwaposachedwa pamagetsi) amasintha, kusinthaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kutentha kwapano.
Masensa otsutsa ndi osavuta komanso otsika mtengo, koma kuti agwiritse ntchito m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito dera losiyana loyezera, lomwe limafuna kusinthasintha ndi kusintha.Semiconductor sensors imapangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga ma microcircuits osamva kutentha ndi gawo loyezera lophatikizika lomwe limapanga chizindikiro cha digito pazotulutsa.
Malinga ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro chotulutsa, pali mitundu iwiri ya masensa a kutentha:
● Pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha analogi;
● Pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha digito.
Masensa osavuta kwambiri ndi omwe amapanga chizindikiro cha digito - sichimakhudzidwa ndi kupotoza ndi zolakwika, ndikosavuta kukonza ndi mabwalo amakono a digito, ndipo chizindikiro cha digito chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusintha sensa kuti muyeze kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha komanso kusiyanasiyana. njira zogwirira ntchito.
Masensa amakono a njanji nthawi zambiri amamangidwa pamaziko a ma microcircuits osamva kutentha ndi chizindikiro cha digito.Maziko a sensa yotereyi ndi cylindrical kesi yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (kapena chokhala ndi anti-corrosion coating), mkati mwake yomwe imayikidwa microcircuit yosamva kutentha.Kumbuyo kwa mlanduwo pali cholumikizira chamagetsi chokhazikika kapena chingwe cholumikizira chimatuluka ndi cholumikizira (zi) kumapeto.Mlanduwu umasindikizidwa, umateteza chip ku madzi ndi zina zoipa.Kunja kwa mlanduwo, pali poyambira kukhazikitsa mphira kapena silicone O-ring, komanso gasket yowonjezera ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.Sensor resistive idapangidwa mofananamo, koma ili ndi nyumba yopapatiza, yomwe pamapeto pake imakhala ndi chinthu chovuta.
Chiwembu cha njanji ndi chizindikiro cha unsembe malo kutentha ndi kutenthedwa masensa
Mosasamala za kapangidwe kake, masensa a kutentha kwa PZD amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu malinga ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito:
● Masensa a kutentha - amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kutentha kwa madzi omwe akutuluka omwe amachokera ku heater kupita ku chipangizo chozizira cha mphamvu;
● Sensa yotentha kwambiri - yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kutentha kwa madzi omwe amalowa omwe amalowa mu chowotcha kuchokera ku dongosolo lozizira la mphamvu;
● Universal - imatha kugwira ntchito ngati chowunikira kutentha kwamadzi otuluka ndi omwe akubwera.
Sensa yotentha yamadzi otuluka imayikidwa pambali pa chitoliro chamadzimadzi chotenthetsera chotenthetsera, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina owongolera kuyatsa ndi kuyatsa chotenthetsera pamene kutentha kwina kwa injini kumafika (nthawi zambiri kumayambira 40 mpaka 40). 80 ° C, kutengera pulogalamu yosankhidwa ndi njira yoyendetsera njanji).Popeza kuti sensayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira chowotcha, chimangotchedwa kutentha kwa kutentha.
Sensa yotentha kwambiri imayikidwa pambali pa cholowera chamadzimadzi cha preheater, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzimitsa chipangizocho pomwe choziziritsa chikatenthedwa.Ngati, pazifukwa zina, gawo lowongolera silizimitsa chowotchera pamene kutentha kumafika pa 80 ° C, ndiye kuti dera lodzitchinjiriza limayambika, lomwe limatsekereza preheater, kuletsa injini kutenthedwa.
Masensa a Universal amatha kugwira ntchito pazida zonse ziwiri, amayikidwa pa chitoliro chamadzimadzi kapena cholowera, ndipo amapangidwa molingana ndi ntchito zomwe apatsidwa.
M'ma preheaters amakono, masensa awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito - kutentha ndi kutenthedwa.Chizindikiro chawo chimadyetsedwa kuzinthu zofananira za njanji yowongolera njanji, pomwe chizindikiro chochokera ku sensa ya kutentha (madzi otuluka) chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa zidziwitso zowonetsera gulu lowongolera m'chipinda chokwera / cab yagalimoto, ndi chizindikiro chochokera ku sensa yotentha ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwitsa za kutenthedwa kwa injini.
Kusankha ndi kusintha kwa masensa a kutentha
Ma heaters amakono ali ndi machitidwe odziwonetsera okha omwe amadziwitsa dalaivala za kusagwira ntchito kwa masensa a kutentha ndi chizindikiro chowonetsera gulu lolamulira kapena kuwunikira LED.Nthawi zonse, ngati mukukayikira kuti pali vuto, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kudalirika kwa kulumikizana kwamagetsi ndi sensa - momwe mungachitire izi zikuwonetsedwa mu malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonza njanji.Ngati kulephera kuzindikirika, sensor ya kutentha iyenera kusinthidwa, apo ayi chotenthetsera sichingagwire ntchito moyenera.
Kuti mulowe m'malo, ndikofunikira kusankha masensa a manambala amndandandawo ndi mitundu yomwe ikuwonetsedwa mu malangizo a njanji.Masiku ano, opanga ambiri amapereka ma analogue a zida zodziwika bwino, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kusankha kwawo.Komabe, posankha, simungakhulupirire mwachimbulimbuli wogulitsa - muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti sensa yatsopano ili ndi cholumikizira choyenera ndipo ili ndi gasket mu zida.
Kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kutenthedwa kwa masensa kumachitidwa motsatira malangizo a njanji, koma mosasamala kanthu za chitsanzo chotenthetsera, ntchitoyi iyenera kuchitidwa pa injini yoyimitsidwa ndi ma terminals omwe amachotsedwa pa batri ndipo pambuyo pokhetsa madzi kuchokera kuzizira. dongosolo.Mukayika sensa yatsopano, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana polarity ya kulumikizana kwa magetsi, ndipo mutatha kudzaza choziziritsa, yambitsani dongosolo.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kusintha kwa sensa ya kutentha, chowotcha cha injini chidzagwira ntchito modalirika komanso molondola muzochitika zonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-21-2023