M'galimoto iliyonse, mutha kupeza njira yochotsera dothi pawindo lakutsogolo (ndipo nthawi zina kumbuyo) - chochapira chamagetsi.Maziko a dongosololi ndi galimoto yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi mpope.Phunzirani za ma mota ochapira, mitundu yawo, kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito, komanso kugula kwawo ndikusintha - dziwani m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi makina ochapira ndi chiyani
Makina ochapira ndi mota yamagetsi yamagetsi ya DC yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati poyendetsa pampu yamagetsi yamagalimoto.
Galimoto yamakono iliyonse ili ndi dongosolo loyeretsera galasi lakutsogolo (komanso pamagalimoto ambiri - ndi galasi la tailgate) kuchokera ku dothi - wochapira wamagetsi.Maziko a dongosolo lino ndi pampu yoyendetsedwa ndi makina ochapira - mothandizidwa ndi mayunitsiwa, madzi amaperekedwa ku nozzles (nozzles) pansi pa kukakamizidwa kokwanira kuti ayeretse galasi kuchokera ku dothi.
Kuwonongeka kwa injini yamagetsi yamagetsi nthawi zambiri kumatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito agalimoto, ndipo nthawi zina kumabweretsa ngozi.Chifukwa chake, gawo ili liyenera kusinthidwa pachizindikiro choyamba cha kulephera, ndipo kuti mupange chisankho choyenera, muyenera kuganizira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi amakono a makina ochapira.
Mitundu, mapangidwe ndi mfundo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma motors ochapira ma windshield
Makina ochapira amakono okhala ndi ma motors amagetsi a 12 ndi 24 V DC (kutengera ma voliyumu a netiweki) omwe amasiyana pamapangidwe:
● Patulani galimoto yamagetsi ndi mpope;
● Mapampu amagetsi ndi ma motors omwe amaphatikizidwa mu nyumba ya mpope.
Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo ma motors amagetsi otsika kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mapampu a submersible.Pakadali pano, yankho lotere silinapezeke pamagalimoto onyamula anthu, koma limagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagalimoto (makamaka apanyumba).Galimoto yamagetsi yamtunduwu imayikidwa mubokosi lapulasitiki losindikizidwa lomwe limateteza madzi ndi dothi.Mothandizidwa ndi bulaketi kapena mabowo opangidwa mnyumbamo, amayikidwa pamadzi osungira madzi ochapira, olumikizana ndi mpope yomwe ili mkati mwa thanki pogwiritsa ntchito shaft.Malo opangira magetsi amayenera kuperekedwa pagalimoto kuti alumikizike ku netiweki yamagetsi yagalimoto.
Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo magawo omwe amaphatikiza pampu ya centrifugal ndi mota yamagetsi.Mapangidwe ake amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yogawidwa m'zipinda ziwiri zokhala ndi ma nozzles ndi mabowo othandizira.M'chipinda chimodzi muli mpope: zimatengera chopondera cha pulasitiki chomwe chimatenga madzi kuchokera ku chitoliro (chomwe chili kumapeto kwa mpope, pamtunda wa choyikapo), ndikuchiponyera kumphepete mwa thupi (chifukwa ku mphamvu ya centrifugal) - kuchokera apa madzi omwe amapanikizika kudzera mu chitoliro chotuluka amalowa muzitsulo zamapaipi ndi ma nozzles.Kukhetsa madziwo, chitoliro chimaperekedwa pakhoma lakumbali la mpope - limakhala ndi gawo laling'ono kuposa lolowera, ndipo lili mozungulira mpaka kuzungulira kwa nyumba ya mpope.Mu gawo lachiwiri la unit pali galimoto yamagetsi, chopopera chopopera chimayikidwa mwamphamvu pamtunda wake (kudutsa pakati pa magawowo).Pofuna kuteteza madzi kuti asalowe m'chipinda chokhala ndi galimoto yamagetsi, chisindikizo cha shaft chimaperekedwa.Cholumikizira chamagetsi chili pakhoma lakunja la unit.
Washer pump unit yokhala ndi mota yakutali komanso
pampu ya submersible Motor-pampu
ndi injini yamagetsi yophatikizika
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi injini yosiyana, mapampu amoto amayikidwa molunjika pa chosungira chakutsogolo.Kuti muchite izi, ma niches apadera omwe ali pansi amapangidwa mu thanki - izi zimatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito kwathunthu kwamadzi ochapira.Kuyika kumachitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira kapena zomangira zina - pazifukwa izi mabatani kapena ma latches amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Komanso, chitoliro cholowera chapampu chimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo mu dzenje la thanki ndi chisindikizo cha rabara, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi owonjezera kukhala osafunikira.
Komanso, mapampu agalimoto amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito:
● Kupereka madzimadzi pa nozzle imodzi yokha;
● Kupereka madzimadzi ku majeti awiri amtundu uliwonse;
● Kupereka madzi ku jeti ziwiri zolowera mbali ziwiri.
Mayunitsi amtundu woyamba ali ndi mpope wocheperako, wokwanira kungopatsa mphamvu imodzi yamadzi ochapira.Awiri kapena atatu (ngati ntchito yoyeretsa mawindo akumbuyo ilipo) imayikidwa mu thanki yamagetsi yamagetsi, iliyonse yolumikizidwa ndi magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chake.Njira yotereyi imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zazikuluzikulu, komabe, ngati galimoto imodzi ikulephera, kuthekera kosambitsa pang'ono galasi ngati kuipitsidwa kumakhalabe.
Mayunitsi amtundu wachiwiri ndi ofanana ndi mapangidwe omwe angofotokozedwa kumene, koma amakhala ndi ntchito zapamwamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito galimoto yamagetsi yowonjezera mphamvu komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mpope.Pampu yamoto imatha kulumikizidwa ndi valavu yochapira ndi mapaipi awiri osiyana omwe amapita ku mphuno iliyonse, kapena mothandizidwa ndi chitoliro chimodzi chokhala ndi nthambi zina zapaipiyo kukhala mitsinje iwiri (pogwiritsa ntchito tepi mu mavavu apaipi).
Mayunitsi amtundu wachitatu ndi ovuta kwambiri, ali ndi ma algorithm osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito.Maziko a pompopompo-motor ndi thupi logawidwa m'zipinda ziwiri, koma mu chipinda chopopera pali mapaipi awiri, pakati pawo pali valavu - imodzi yokha ya mapaipi imatha kutsegulidwa nthawi imodzi.Galimoto ya chipangizo ichi imatha kuzungulira mbali zonse ziwiri - posintha njira yozungulira pansi pa mphamvu yamadzimadzi, valavu imayamba, kutsegula chitoliro chimodzi, kenako china.Nthawi zambiri, mapampu amagalimoto otere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka chowongolera ndi zenera lakumbuyo: mbali imodzi ya injini yozungulira, madziwo amaperekedwa ku ma nozzles a windshield, mbali ina ya kasinthasintha - ku nozzle ya zenera lakumbuyo.Kuti zitheke, opanga pampu yamagalimoto amapaka mapaipi amitundu iwiri: wakuda - kuti apereke madzi ku galasi lakutsogolo, oyera - kuti apereke madzi kuwindo lakumbuyo.Zipangizo zama mayendedwe apawiri zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapampu agalimoto pagalimoto kukhala imodzi - izi zimachepetsa ndalama komanso zimathandizira kapangidwe kake.Komabe, pakagwa vuto, dalaivala amamanidwa kwathunthu mwayi woyeretsa mazenera agalimoto.
Kulumikiza ma motors ndi mapampu amoto, ma terminals achimuna amitundu yosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito: ma terminals otalikirana (ma terminals awiri omwe amalumikizidwa ndi ma terminals awiri achikazi), okhala ndi mawonekedwe a T (kuteteza ku kulumikizana kolakwika) ndi ma terminals awiri osiyanasiyana. zolumikizira mu nyumba zokhala ndi masiketi apulasitiki oteteza ndi makiyi kuti muteteze ku kulumikizana kolakwika.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha makina ochapira molondola
Zakhala zikuwonetsedwa kale pamwambapa kuti chowotcha chamagetsi ndi chofunikira pakugwira ntchito moyenera kwa galimotoyo, kotero kukonzanso kwake, ngakhale ndi zowonongeka zazing'ono, sikungatheke.Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa injini - ngati ili kunja kwa dongosolo, iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuyesera kukonzedwa, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti m'malo mwake ndi yatsopano.M'malo mwake, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mota kapena pampu yamtundu womwewo ndi mtundu womwewo womwe unayikidwa kale - iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti chowotcha chamagetsi chidzagwira ntchito modalirika komanso moyenera.Ngati galimoto salinso pansi pa chitsimikizo, mukhoza kuyesa kusankha mtundu wina wa unit, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ali ndi miyeso yofunikira yoyika ndi ntchito.
Kapangidwe kake ka pampu yamagalimoto ochapira
M'malo mbali ayenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo kukonza galimoto.Monga lamulo, ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta, imabwera pamachitidwe angapo:
1.Chotsani waya kuchokera pa batire;
2.Chotsani cholumikizira kuchokera ku makina ochapira ndi zida zapaipi kuchokera papaipi (mapaipi);
3.Dismantle galimoto kapena galimoto mpope msonkhano - chifukwa cha ichi mungafunike kuchotsa chivundikirocho ndi submersible mpope (pa magalimoto akale apakhomo), kapena kuchotsa bulaketi kapena mosamala kuchotsa unit pa niche yake mu thanki;
4.Ngati kuli kofunikira, yeretsani mpando wa galimoto kapena pampu yamoto;
5.Install chipangizo chatsopano ndi kusonkhana mu dongosolo n'zosiyana.
Ngati ntchitoyo ikuchitika pagalimoto yokhala ndi mapampu amoto, ndiye kuti tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika chidebe pansi pa thanki, chifukwa madzi amatha kutuluka mu thanki akamagwetsa galimotoyo.Ndipo ngati bidirectional motor-pampu ikusinthidwa, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kulumikizana kolondola kwa mapaipi ndi mapaipi apompo.Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa, muyenera kuyang'ana ntchito ya makina ochapira ma windshield, ndipo, ngati cholakwika chachitika, sinthanani mapaipi.
Ndi kusankha kolondola ndikusintha makina ochapira, dongosolo lonselo liyamba kugwira ntchito popanda zoikamo zowonjezera, kuonetsetsa kuti mawindo azikhala aukhondo munyengo zonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-12-2023